Motion and Forces
What is the term for the rate of change of an object's velocity?
Acceleration
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
joule (J)
What type of wave does not require a medium to travel through?
transverse wave
What is the unit of measurement for electric current?
ampere (A)
What is the smallest indivisible unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
atom
According to Newton's second law of motion, what is the formula for force?
force = mass × acceleration
When an object is raised above the ground, what type of energy does it possess?
potential energy
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s)
What is the law that states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, given constant temperature?
Ohm's law
What is the process through which the nucleus of an unstable atom releases energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic radiation?
radioactive decay
What law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction?
Newton's third law of motion
What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × velocity^2
What is the phenomenon where a wave bends as it passes through a different medium at an angle?
refraction
What is the phenomenon where a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby conductor?
electromagnetic induction
What is the name of the theory that describes the behavior of matter and energy on very small scales?
quantum mechanics
If an object's velocity is constant and not changing, what can you say about its acceleration?
zero
According to the law of conservation of energy, what principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another?
law of conservation of energy
What type of electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength and the highest energy?
gamma rays
What type of circuit has only one path for current to flow?
series circuit
What is the term for the bending of light as it passes through a medium with varying refractive indices, responsible for colorful displays in prisms?
dispersion
What is the force that resists the relative motion of objects in contact called?
friction
What is the term for the energy an object possesses due to its motion?
kinetic energy
What is the term for the bouncing back of light rays from a surface?
reflection
What is the term for a material that does not allow electric charges to move freely through it?
insulator
What is the name of the model that describes the universe as expanding from a singular point in space and time?
Big Bang theory