Virus Taxonomy & Structure
This virus family causes Yellow Fever virus, St. Louis Encephalitis virus, and Japanese Encephalitis virus.
What is Flaviviridae?
Yellow Fever virus is primarily endemic to these two regions of the world.
What are sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America?
This flavivirus infection can be prevented with a live-attenuated vaccine and is classically associated with jaundice and hemorrhagic fever.
What is Yellow Fever virus?
All three viruses initially replicate at this location following a mosquito bite.
What is the bite site and local lymph nodes?
Childhood vaccination programs have significantly reduced cases of this encephalitis virus in endemic regions.
What is Japanese Encephalitis virus?
This capsid symmetry describes the structural shape of Flaviviridae viruses.
What is icosahedral symmetry?
Periodic outbreaks of St. Louis Encephalitis virus most commonly occurs in this U.S. region.
What is the Mississippi River Valley?
St. Louis Encephalitis virus most commonly causes this type of infection, though severe CNS disease may occur.
What is a self-limiting febrile illness?
Yellow Fever virus causes jaundice because it infects and damages this organ.
What is the liver?
This antibody class is commonly detected in serum or CSF for diagnosing St. Louis and Japanese Encephalitis viruses.
What is IgM?
Viruses in this family have this type of RNA genome, which allows direct translation of viral proteins upon entering the host cell.
What is single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA)?
Approximately 68,000 infections per year occur from this Flaviviridae virus in Southeast Asia.
What is Japanese Encephalitis virus?
The majority of Japanese Encephalitis virus infections fall in this category, meaning symptoms may be mild or absent.
What is asymptomatic?
Crossing of this protective barrier allows St. Louis and Japanese Encephalitis virus to cause CNS symptoms.
What is the blood-brain barrier?
Because no vaccine exists for St. Louis Encephalitis virus, prevention focuses on this strategy.
What is mosquito control and personal protection?
This genus has an envelope and is a type of arbovirus.
What is Flavivirus?
Aedes aegypti is an example of the arthropod that transmits all three of these flaviviruses.
What are mosquitoes?
When severe, St. Louis Encephalitis virus primarily affects this part of the brain.
What is the gray matter?
Altered mental status, agitation, confusion, and coma are signs of this complication seen in severe flavivirus infections.
What is encephalitis?
In cases suspecting encephalitis, these two body fluids are tested for virus-specific antibodies.
What are serum and cerebrospinal fluid?
Because their genome is oriented 5' to 3', this process can immediately occur once the virus enters the host cytoplasm.
What is direct translation of viral RNA into proteins?
In temperate climates, transmission of Japanese Encephalitis virus peaks during this type of season.
What is the warm and rainy season?
This severe manifestation of Yellow Fever includes jaundice, bleeding gums, and "black vomit."
What is 5-15 days?
While reverse transcriptase PCR can detect viral RNA in the early stages of infection, this confirmatory test measures virus-neutralizing antibodies and is often performed at state health labs or the CDC.
What is plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)?