Vocab
A water environment
Aquatic
Matter is passed from the living biotic part of an ecosystem to the non-living biotic part when which of the following takes place?
A. Plants absorb gasses
B. Plants decompose
C. Animals eat plants
D. Animals drink water
B. Plants decompose
How does energy enter a food web?
The sun
Bacteria is an example of a decomposer
True
Biotic means...
Living
A land environment
Terrestrial
9. Analyze the food web provided. Which of the following organisms depend only on producers for energy?
A. Diatoms
B. Shrimp
C. Amphipods
D. Squid
B. Shrimp
Why are decomposers essential to an ecosystem?
Decomposers recycle dead matter into usable energy as nutrients (Nitrogen) for plants
The arrows of a food web always point towards the organism getting consumed
False, points towards the consumer
A system comprising biotic and abiotic factors of an environment
Ecosystem
Able to transform the energy of the Sun to make food
Producers
Which best represents the flow of energy through an aquatic ecosystem?
A. Grass → mouse → snake → owl
B. Owl → snake → mouse → grass
C. Phytoplankton → zooplankton → krill → whale
D. Leopard seal → arctic cod → zooplankton → sea grass
C. Phytoplankton → zooplankton → krill → whale
How is matter cycled through an ecosystem?
The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
In an energy pyramid, only 20% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level
False, 10%
When two or more individuals or populations attempt to obtain a resource
Competition/ Competitive Interaction
Organism that must consume other organisms
Consumer
11. Based on the diagram, it is reasonable to conclude that matter could follow which of the following paths as it cycles through this ecosystem?
A. Sun → grass → robin
B. Plant seeds → field mouse → Robin
C. Eagle → deer → Plant seeds
D. Grass → deer → mountain lion
D. Grass → deer → mountain lion
What do food chains demonstrate? What do they tell us about energy?
Food chains show the relationship between organisms that get energy from other organisms.
They show us that energy is passed on to organisms all the way through a food chain
In this food chain, Grass → Mouse → Snake → Owl, the Snake is a tertiary consumer.
False, the Owl is the tertiary consumer
Which of the following would demonstrate an appropriate prediction for the changes to one of the populations of organisms due to a predator/prey interaction?
A. When the population of sharks decreases because of fishing, the population of small fish will decrease.
B. After a period of heavy rainfall and warmer temperatures, the population of mosquitos will increase.
C. During hunting season, when many deer are killed by hunters, the mountain lion population will decline.
D. When abundant resources allow the population of mice to increase, the population of snakes will decrease.
C. During hunting season, when many deer are killed by hunters, the mountain lion population will decline.
Breaks down plant and animal remains and waste into molecules that producers reuse to make energy
Decomposer
Which of the following observations would support the claim that as plants absorb sunlight to make food, they release oxygen into the environment?
A. Oxygen concentration in the atmosphere was much higher millions of years ago when different plants existed.
B. When plants are kept in a sealed environment, the concentration of carbon dioxide steadily goes down.
C. Plants that are kept under conditions of total darkness fail to grow normally and eventually will die.
D. The oxygen concentration in a pond with many plants increases during the day and decreases at night and on cloudy days.
D. The oxygen concentration in a pond with many plants increases during the day and decreases at night and on cloudy days.
Using the diagram provided, identify an energy path starting with a producer, including at least one consumer, and ending with bacteria or fungi recycling the nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil of the environment.
Example answer: Grasses (producer) → Mouse (first-level consumer) → Mongoose (third-level consumer) → Bacteria & Fungi
An autotroph and producer are the same thing
True
Certain bacteria live and grow on the roots of some plants, and produce chemicals that are beneficial to the plants. Which of the following observations best supports the claim that this relationship is beneficial to the plants?
A. When the bacteria are removed from the plant roots and are grown in a laboratory setting, they fail to survive.
B. The population size of the bacteria varies greatly depending on the chemistry of the soil and the type of the plant.
C. Plants with a higher density of the bacteria on their roots have increased rates of survival and reproduction.
D. The chemical produced by the bacteria can be created by humans and added to the soil where it reaches the roots of the plant.
C. Plants with a higher density of the bacteria on their roots have increased rates of survival and reproduction.