Roots
What are fibrous roots?
This type of root forms when the radicle dies away and leaves equal-sized roots.
What is the stem?
The main part of the shoot system.
What is a petiole?
The stalk of a leaf.
What is tissue?
A group of cells working together to carry out a shared function.
Flowering plants have an alternative name. What is it?
Angiosperms.
What are adventitious roots?
These roots grow in unusual places and do not develop from a radicle.
What is a node?
The point at which a leaf is attached.
What do we call the thin blade of the leaf?
Lamina.
What are the secondary functions of dermal tissue?
Produce root hairs, waxy cuticles to prevent water loss.
How many species of flowering plants are there?
Over 300,000.
This region of the root is where cells develop into different types of tissue. Name it.
What is the internode?
The petiole continues into the middle part of the lamina. Once it's here, it's called something else. What's it called?
Midrib.
A plant’s leaves begin to wilt even though the soil is moist. Testing reveals that sugars are still moving from the leaves to the roots. What tissue is most likely to be damaged?
If a flowering plant maintained its root system but lost its shoot system, what process would not take place?
Photosynthesis.
Name one major function of roots.
Anchorage, storage, absorption.
What is the apical/terminal bud?
The bud at the tip that causes the shoot to grow upwards.
Veins can be arranged in two patterns in a leaf. What are they?
Net or parallel.
Xylem and phloem are usually found together in....
Vascular bundles.
A young herbaceous plant grows rapidly but lacks strength and support compared to a woody plant because it does not contain what structural compound?
Lignin.
A student pulls up a dandelion and notices one thick central root that is difficult to remove. What type of root system is being observed?
Tap root.
A gardener removes the growing tip of a plant and notices it becomes shorter and bushier with more side branches. Removing this structure caused axillary buds to grow. What structure was removed?
Apical/terminal bud.
The petiole, midrib, and veins all contain vascular tissue. This means their primary shared function is what?
Transport of materials.
As the root begins to develop, cells begin elongating and then some specialise into forming tissues for transport, for protection and storage. What process is happening?
Differentiation.
A scientist genetically modifies a flowering plant so that it cannot form a distinct root–shoot boundary during development. As a result, the plant fails to establish proper directional transport and organ specialization. This failure demonstrates that flowering plants rely on a certain fundamental biological principle. What is it?
Cells forming into specialised tissues. (Differentiation)