Preschoolers with borderline stuttering/early stuttering
This is one measure of stuttering frequency that is often used determine how much a child is stuttering at a particular time. It can be used with severity ratings (SRs) as a measure of change in stuttering.
Percent syllables stuttered (%SS)
What are some common escape behaviors noted in a preschool child who has beginning stuttering? Name two.
eye blinks, head nods, pitch changes
What is the purpose of desensitization?
To help the individual become less sensitive to negative experiences such as stuttering or negative listener reactions
What are one of the key concepts of the clinical procedures for assessment and treatment of stuttering? (there are several)
1. Treatment of adolescents and adults usually takes a long time, demands considerable motivation, and must maintain a focus on many fronts
2. Treatment should be tailored to each client's needs
3. Successful outcome of treatment requires focused attention to speaking, especially when stuttering is anticipated
4. Successful outcome of treatment depends on increasing approach behaviors and reducing avoidance
What is cluttering?
Rapid speaking that is difficult to understand, words may be collapsed, syllables may be omitted, or sounds may be slurred.
For young children, what is the focus of indirect treatment?
Changing the child's environment to decrease communication pressure (e.g. parent behaviors)
What are the criteria for completing Lidcombe Program Stage 1?
1) The parent's weekly SRs average below 2 with at least four 1s
2) the clinician's SRs for the entire sessions (same week) are 1s or 2s
What is superfluency?
A speaking technique of using slow speaking rate and easy onset of phonation
What are the steps in exploring stuttering?
1) Understanding stuttering
2) Approaching and exploring stuttering in the treatment room
3) Approaching and exploring stuttering outside of the treatment room
What are hallmark signs of psychogenic stuttering?
Onset is related to period of stress or trauma, secondary behaviors are present, and more stuttering is present in fluency enhancing conditions
When the child is able to catch the clinician's stutter and is comfortable doing so, the clinician will ask the child to stutter on purpose by stating..."I can't seem to make this one slow and loose. Can you show me how to do it?"
This is having the child do what direct speech technique?
Voluntary/Intentional stuttering
What is Sheryl Gottwald's purpose of playing games that reward stuttering? (e.g. easy bouncing)
Loose stuttering replaces tension; children have feeling and thoughts about stuttering.
What is the first phase of stuttering treatment when using an integrated program for a school aged child who stutters?
explore stuttering
(the others are: make stuttering easy, learn superfleuncy, use superfluency)
Name one fluency shaping approach technique
Continuous phonation
Light contact
Easy onsets
What are the goals of cluttering treatment?
1) Decrease speech rate 2) Improve linguistic skills 3) Facilitate fluency with DAF 4) Increase knowledge about cluttering
What is the goal of the Palin Parent Child approach?
To help parents identify interaction styles that support their children's fluency and then develop these styles in structured practice sessions at home
What is the outcome data or effectiveness of the Lidcombe Program?
It is effective in eliminating stuttering in most preschoolers; a long-term study of 42 children treated with the program showed that their stuttering was at near-zero levels four to seven years after treatment
What are two of the important pieces of information that Guitar poses as important to tell a parent of a school-age child who stutters?
1) the treatment program 2) the parent's role in it 3) discuss possible causes 4) identifying and reducing fluency disrupters 5) identifying and increasing fluency-enhancing situations 6) eliminating teasing
What is the goal of voluntary stuttering and how does this look?
Goal: reduce negative feelings associated with stuttering such as embarrassment or fear, it may allow the person to confront it and discover that it's not as bad as you thought.
How does it look? 1) putting easy repetitions and prolongations in their speech on nonfeared words aka controlled voluntary stuttering
2) voluntary stuttering outside of the clinic- easy repetitions or prolongations with strangers
3) voluntary stuttering independently in your personal life
In cluttering assessment, list two of the professionals that might be involved in the diagnosis and assessment process.
Multi-disciplinary approach: SLP, neurologist, psychologist, teacher, audiologist
In the "play with stuttering" technique for preschool children who stutter, the clinician has the child imitate disfluencies similar to his/her own. What is the purpose of this technique?
To desensitize the child to stuttering
How does the Lidcombe Program differ from the Sherryl Gottwald therapy approach?
The Lidcombe Program is a behavior approach and only focuses treatment on providing verbal contingencies to the child, whereas the Sherryl Gottwald approach focuses on both the environment and the child.
How can the teacher be involved in the therapy approach for a school-age child with intermediate stuttering?
1) aiding the student in how to talk with the student about their stuttering 2) how to help them cope with oral participation 3) how to eliminate teasing
What is the difference between fluency shaping vs stuttering modification techniques?
Fluency shaping is aimed at changing the overall pattern of speech whereas stuttering modification changes the moments of stuttering
A 22-year old who graduated from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and currently works as a photographer. He was treated at the UWEC clinic as a school-aged client for an articulation disorder. In his sophomore year at UWEC, Bill was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder, and prescribed 40 mg of Ritalin daily. He no longer takes this medication, stating that because he is no longer in school, he feels he does not need it. Bill was referred twice to the UWEC clinic by friends who were speech-language pathology graduate students. He indicates that when his friends tell him to "slow down" this helps him to decrease his fluency, at least for awhile. His rate of speech was averaged to be about 410 spm (syllables per minute) which is above average. Between cluttering, neurogenic stuttering, and psychogenic stuttering, which does his profile best align with for a diagnosis?
Cluttering