Distribution
losses:
___ -> urine, feces
___ -> sweat, respirations
what is sensible
what is insensible
increases reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys
what is aldosterone?
-Excess fluid in the interstitial space
-Issue with distribution, not always fluid
overload
give an example too
what is edema? what is anasarca?
body loses more fluid than what is taken in
what is dehydration?
___ and hydrogen move interchangeably into and out of the cell to balance pH
what is phosphorous?
fluid sources
what is oral intake, intravenous solutions (iso-,hypo-, or hypertonic)?
released from pituitary gland and promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys
what is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
manifestations of excess fluid
what is Peripheral edema, Periorbital edema, Anasarca (general swelling in the entire body), Cerebral edema, Rapid weight gain, Dyspnea, crackles, Bounding pulse, tachycardia, hypertension, Jugular vein distension, Polyuria, Bulging fontanelles (in babies)?
Decreased fluid in the intravascular space can occur independently without electrolyte defects
what is hypovolemia?
___ deals with CO2
___ deals with HCO3
what is respiratory?
fastest but short lived
what is metabolic?
slowest but lasts longer
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration).
-Excess fluid in the intravascular space
-Excessive sodium or water intake & insufficient losses
what is hypervolemia?
causes of inadequate water release
what is cushings, renal failure, hyperaldosteronism, and heart failure?
causes of fluid loss
what is Gastrointestinal losses, Excessive diaphoresis, Prolonged hyperventilation, Hemorrhage, Nephrosis, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus, Burns, Open wounds, Ascites, Effusions, Excessive use of diuretics, Osmotic diuresis?
WNR:
pH ___
PaCO2 ___
HCO3 ___
what is A 7.35-7.45 B
B 35-45 A
A 22-26 B
Thirst mechanism in hypothalamus triggered by
what is decreased blood volume and increased osmolarity?
stimulates renal vasodilation and suppresses aldosterone, increasing urinary output
what is Atrial natriuretic peptide?
manifestations of fluid loss
what is thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, weight loss, altered level of consciousness, hypotension, tachycardia, weak and, thready pulse, flat jugular veins, oliguria, sunken fontanelles (in babes)?
hyperventilating causes this
what is alkalosis?
Water moves from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration. Movement depends on hydrostatic (push) and osmotic (pull) pressures
What is diffusion?
-Excess fluid in the intracellular space
-May lead to rupture (lysis) of the cells with
cerebral cells being most sensitive
what is water intoxication?
pH 7.16
CO2 57
Hco3 24
what is respiratory acidosis with no compensation?