Fluid Balance
What is the primary function of fluids in the body?
Transporting nutrients and oxygen
Which electrolyte is crucial for muscle function and nerve conduction?
A: Potassium
What class of diuretics works on the loop of Henle?
A: Loop diuretics
For what condition is furosemide most commonly prescribed?
A: Hypertension and edema
What is a common side effect of loop diuretics like furosemide?
A: Hypokalemia
Name the system that regulates fluid balance through hormone release.
A: Renin-angiotensin system
What condition results from low sodium levels in the blood?
A: Hyponatremia
Which diuretic class is potassium-sparing?
A: Spironolactone
How do diuretics help in heart failure management?
A: They reduce fluid buildup, easing the workload on the heart.
What should nurses monitor when patients are on potassium-sparing diuretics?
A: Hyperkalemia
What type of solution causes water to enter the cell?
A: Hypotonic solution
Name an electrolyte imbalance caused by excessive diuretic use.
A: Hypokalemia
Name a thiazide diuretic.
A: Hydrochlorothiazide
What diuretic might be used to treat hypertension and also protect against osteoporosis?
A: Thiazide diuretics
Why should patients on hydrochlorothiazide avoid prolonged sun exposure?
A: It can cause photosensitivity.
Describe the role of antidiuretic hormone in fluid balance.
A: It promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain fluid balance.
How does hyperkalemia affect the heart?
A: It can cause arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats.
What is the primary use of osmotic diuretics like mannitol?
A: To treat cerebral edema and reduce intraocular pressure
Which diuretic can cause gynecomastia as a side effect?
A: Spironolactone
Name a serious adverse effect of ACE inhibitors used with diuretics.
A: Angioedema
How does the body respond to dehydration at the cellular level?
A: Cells shrink as water moves out to maintain fluid balance.
Explain the role of calcium in the body.
A: Calcium is essential for bone health, muscle contraction, and nerve function.
Explain how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work as diuretics.
A: They reduce the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output.
Why should mannitol be used with caution in patients with heart failure?
A: It can cause volume expansion and exacerbate heart failure.
What dietary advice should be given to patients taking diuretics?
A: Increase intake of potassium-rich foods if on non-potassium-sparing diuretics; avoid potassium-rich foods if on potassium-sparing diuretics.