Terms
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solutes to an area of higher concentration of solutes
What is osmosis?
Two ions that increase when serum osmolality is elevated?
What is Sodium and Chloride?
An electrolyte that can cause Peaked T waves when elevated?
What is Potassium?
Postural hypotension, Nausea and vomiting, headache, short-term memory loss, confusion, lethargy, fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability, muscle weakness, spasms or cramps, seizures, and decreased consciousness or coma.
Are all s/s of what electrolyte imbalance?
What is sodium or hyponatremia
3% Saline is very hypertonic. What physiologic conditions are early indicators of complications from infusing the solution too quickly?
What is LOC & Lung sounds, serum Na levels?
These are early s/s of sequelae and priority nursing interventions. Cellular dehydration and vascular volume overload will occur, as fluids leave the cells and enter the vascular space. Serum sodium will go up.
Describes the excess accumulation of fluid in the
interstitial spaces, which we also call _______?
edema?
High serum osmolarity, high serum sodium, low urine osmalality and low urine sodium, copious volumes of urine describe what disease
Diabetes Insipidus
The following clinical manifestations result from what type of electrolyte imbalance? 1. Constipation 2. Deep pain over bony areas 3. Kidney stones 4. signs of heart block 5. Confusion
What is the imbalance.
What is Hypercalcemia? >11.0 mg/dl (9.0-11.0 mg/dl)
Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign
What is hypocalcemia?
Tests for tetany-
1. Carpopedal spasm (BP cuff inflation to arm 20 mm/hg 1-5 min)
2. facial muscle twitching
Why do DKA patients develop Kussmaul's respirations?
To blow off hydrogen ions, raising the pH
Cardinal sign of Refeeding syndrome related to electrolyte imbalances
What is hypophosphatemia? Also low K+, Mg
Location of the thirst-control center.
What is the hypothalamus?
These are all s/s of what electrolyte deficit
1. NVD and abdominal cramps
2. Tachycardia, hypotension
3. Muscle weakness
4. Dry Pale skin and mucous membranes
What is dehydration with moderate hyponatremia <135 meq/l
Name 5 clinical conditions causing hypokalemia
What is Diarrhea, Vomiting, Gastric NGT suction, Diuretics, Surgery, burns, Trauma, starvation or prolonged NPO status?
ABG Results:
pH = 7.29
PaCO₂ = 47 mmHg
HCO₃⁻ = 24 mEq/L
Respiratory acidosis (Uncompensated)
Tingling around mouth and fingers/toes are a sign of what electrolyte imbalance
Hypocalcemia
Occurs through excessive vomiting & diarrhea or hemorrhage.
What is hypovolemia?
Increased tendon reflexes, Tremors, Flat or inverted T wave.
These are all symptoms of a magnesium imbalance, What is the imbalance r/t these symptoms?
What is Hypomagnesemia (1.5-2.5 mEq/L)
Body weight is an important tool for assessing fluid balance. A loss of gain of 2.2 pounds of body weight is equal to how much water in liters?
What is 2.2 pounds equals one liter of fluid?
A decrease in hydrogen ions or an excess amount of blood buffer (bicarbonate) causes what medical condition?
What is alkalosis?
When giving bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, for osteoporosis, what must the patient do after taking this med?
Remain sitting up for a half hour
Hormones that regulate fluid balance by regulating Na and H2O
What are ADH and Aldosterone?
An increase in concentration of the hydrogen ions makes plasma serum more_________ and a decrease in the body's _____ level?
What is acidic, pH?
Normal Saline, 5% dextrose in water, Lactated Ringers are categorized as what type of solution?
What is Isotonic?
The result of shallow respirations. (Name the acid/base imbalance)
What is respiratory acidosis?