Terminology
What is the process by which the body regulates the amount of water and electrolytes it contains?
Fluid Balance
Why is it important to maintain proper hydration in healthcare settings?
To prevent fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalances causing serious complications
Dry mouth, decreased urine output, fatigue, dizziness, confusion.
What is the condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in?
Dehydration
What are the two main mechanisms by which the body regulates fluid balance?
Intake and Output
What are some common signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess?
Swelling, weight gain, shortness of breath, decreased appetite.
What is the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues?
Edema
Drinking water, eating fluids, receiving IV fluids
What are some common electrolyte imbalances?
Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia
What are the minerals that help maintain fluid balance and regulate nerve and muscle function?
Electrolytes
What are some examples of fluid output?
Urine, sweating, breathing
What are some potential complications of fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalances?
What is I&O?
Intake and Output
What does it mean to measure strict I&O's?
Measuring everything the patient eats or drinks down to the mL and measuring all output down the mL.
What electrolyte imbalance can cause issues with cardiac function?
Potassium and calcium