a process in which a solute in a solution moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is diffusion
100
stored in the pituitary gland and is released in response to changes in blood osmolarity; prevents diuresis, thus causing the body to reabsorb water
What is Antidiuretic hormone
100
abundant cation, maintains water balance
What is Sodium
100
greater than 145, water deprivation, excess aldosterone secretion
What is Hypernatremia
100
ph: 7.59 Pao2: 90 PaCO2: 42 HCO3 39
What is metabolic Alkalosis
200
the movement of a solvent across a semipermiable membrane from an area of lower concentration to one that has a higher concentration
What is osmosis
200
responds to decreased renal perfusion caused by a decrease in extracellular volume
What is Renin
200
predominant intracellular electrolyte, needed for glycogen deposits in liver and skeletal muscle, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac conduction
What is potassium
200
Less than 3.5, use of potassium-wasting diuretics, alkalosis
What is hypokalemia
200
ph: 7.45
PCO2: 30
HCO3: 22
compensated or uncompensated?
What is respiratory alkalosis compensated
300
another term that describes the concentration of solutions
What is osmolarity
300
Renin acts to produce this, which causes some vasoconstriction
What is Angiotensin I
300
99% in bone, 1% is in ECF
What is calcium
300
greater than 5.0, acidosis, use of potassium-sparing diuretics, fluid volume deficit
What is Hyperkalemia
300
A nurse plans care for a client with COPD, understanding that the client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance
What is respiratory acidosis
400
a process in which water and diffusible substances move across a membrane in response to fluid pressure, from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
What is Filtration
400
adrenal cortex releases this to counteract hypovolemia in response to increased plasma potassium levels
What is Aldosterone
400
needed for enzyme and neurochemical activities and cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability
What is Magnesium
400
below 1.5, positive chvostek's sign, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
What is hypomagnesium
400
ph: 7.12
PCO2: 90
HCO3: 22
uncompensated or compensated
What is Respiratory acidosis uncompensated
500
the movement of molecules or ions "uphill" against osmotic pressures to an area of higher concentration
What is active transport
500
Promotes vasodilation; acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and diminishes the thrist mechanism
What is Atrial Natriuretic peptide
500
major chemical base buffer within the body
What is Bicarbonate
500
ionized level above 5.5, can create kidney stones, hypoactive reflexes
What is hypercalcemia
500
A nurse is caring for a patient with a NGT that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that the client is at risk for which acid-base disorder?