Fluid
Name the major fluid compartments
Intracellular Fluid and Extracellular Fluid
Identify the main electrolytes found in intracellular fluid
potassium , phosphate, and magnesium
Which two main body systems are responsible for regulating acid base balance?
Respiratory system and renal system
Identify 3 means by which the body normally gains fluid
ingestion of liquids, food consumption, and metabolic water
Identify the main electrolytes found in extracellular fluid
Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Explain how the respiratory system can alter the ph in the body
By controlling the amounts of carbon dioxide that is removed from the blood through changes in the rate and depth of breathing
Identify 3 means by which the body normally loses fluid
urination, perspiration(sweating), and defecation
List the roles of sodium in the body
maintaining fluid balance, supporting nerve and muscle function, acid base balance, nutrient absorption, and regulating blood pressure
Describe how the kidneys help control PH
adjusting the amounts of hydrogen ions excreted and bicarbonate ions reabsorbed into the blood
Explain how the major fluid compartments move from one compartment to another
primarily through passive processes of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients
List the mechanisms used by the body to regulate the levels of sodium
The Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS), the atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), and the Antidiuretic hormone(ADH), Glomerular Filtration Rate(GFR), Thirst, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
Explain how chemicals buffers can alter PH in body
By acting immediately to neutralize excess acid or bases, without causing drastic changes in ph