Labs
40-54% and 36-46% percentage of RBC's in the body
What is Hematocrit?
Evaluates a client's acid-base balance and oxygenation
What are Arterial Blood Gases?
Susceptible to body fluid loss, gain, or both
What is Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume?
Water is gained in excess of electrolytes causing low serum osmolality and low serum sodium levels -cerebral edema and neurological impairments (excessive sweating)
What is Overhydration?
2.4-2.7 mL per day (oral, water in foods, water as by product of food metabolism)
What is Daily Fluid Intake?
Regulates acid-base balance, regulated by the kidneys-produced via metabolic process
What is Bicarbonate?
Found within the vascular system - found in the intravascular fluid - part that carries the cells and protein through the body
What is Plasma?
Retention of water and sodium in equal proportions can be referred to as hypervolemia (due to increase in sodium consumption)
What is Fluid Volume Excess?
Loss of water leaving behind excessive sodium resulting in water leaving the interstitial space and cells and going into vascular compartment leaving cells dehydrated.
What is Dehydration?
1.4-1.5L - OVERALL output 2.3-2.6L from urine, insensible losses (lungs, skin), sweat, and feces)
What is Daily urine output?
95-108 mEq/L - works with sodium to regulate serum osmolality and blood volume, found in gastric acid in the stomach, found in same foods as sodium
What is Chloride?
3.5-5 mEq/L - important for skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle activity (especially cardiac aka heart!), involved in acid-base balance and contributes to intracellular enzyme reactions
What is Potassium?
Loss of water and electrolytes from the extracellular fluid in almost equal amounts hence keeping the fluid isotonic - can also be referred to as hypovolemia
What is Fluid Volume Deficit?
Solution has higher osmolality than extracellular fluid, causes water to move out of cell into extracellular fluid, used to replace electrolytes (3% - 5% Saline, D5LR, D10W, D5N45)
What is Hypertonic?
Excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolar capillary membrane
8.5-10.5 mg/dL - important in regulating neuromuscular functions such as muscle contractions and relaxation even cardiac function, primarly stored in bones
What is Calcium?
135-145 mEq/L a major contributor to serum osmolality/ helps regulate water balance - extracellular fluid volume, also nerve impulses
What is Sodium?
Decrease intravascular, interstitial, and or intracellular fluid. Refers to dehydration, water loss without sodium changes
What is Deficient Fluid Volume?
Found outside of the cells, composed of intravascular fluid (plasma) and interstitial fluid (surrounding cells) one-third fo total body fluid
What is Extracellular fluid?
Edema that leaves a small depression after finger pressure applied to the swollen area- movement of fluid to adjacent tissue due to pressure.
What is Pitting edema?
1.5-2.5 mEq/L - found in skeleton and intracellular fluid - protein and DNA synthesis in cell as well as regulating neuromuscular and cardiac function
What is Magnesium?
2.5-4.5 mg/dL - needed for muscles, nerves and red blood cells, involved in metabolism, fat and carbohydrates - absorbed in stomach
What is Phosphate?
What is Excess Fluid Volume?
Replace fluids for cellular dehydration, moves water from extracellular fluid into the cell (0.5 NS, 0.25 NS)
What is Hypotonic?
Comes in several varieties, can be gluten free, dense or light and fluffy
What is Cake?