Electrolyte Imbalances
Excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea can lead to this electrolyte imbalance.
Other causes include excessive water intake, diuretics, or hormonal imbalances.
What is hyponatremia?
Too much hydrogen can leads to this general acid-base imbalance.
What is acidosis? (<7.35 serumm pH)
This pneumonic assists in analyzing ABGs.
ROME: Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
This electrolyte is an ECF anion, and levels are reflective of Na levels. Excessive levels can occur with too much sodium chloride intake, while a deficiency can lead to vomiting and alkalosis.
What is Chloride?
These two elements assist in controlling the balance of water and electrolytes, causing the body to hold onto fluid?
What are ADH and Aldosterone?
The PTH controls this electrolyte, and a hypo effect can lead to weak heart contractions and neuromuscular abnormalities, such as tetany or hypotension.
What is calcium?
This ph Buffer system operates in the kidney and lungs with ECF to decrease carbonic acid leading to compensation.
What is the Sodium Bicarbonate-Carbonic acid system?
These are the three main elements needed to conduct a basic analysis of ABGs.
What is ph(hydrogen ion) serum, pCO2, and HCO3 levels?
This occurs to balance the relative proportion of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.
What is Compensation? (Buffers, changes in respiration/renal function)
This amount of fluid can cause increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, loss of plasma proteins, impair tissue perfusion, and trap drugs in the ISF.
What is edema?
This electrolyte has a reciprocal relationship with calcium, is essential with ATP and metabolism, and with a deficiency can cause diarrhea, and in access can lead to renal failure.
What is phosphate?
This acid-base imbalance is caused by elevated CO2 levels?
What is respiratory acidosis?
pH 7.47
PCO2 22
HCO3 24
identifies this acid-base imbalance
What is Respiratory alkalosis?
Most imbalances require this type of treatment.
What is treating the cause? (fluid electrolyte replacement, addition to bicarb?, modification of diet, antibiotics)
Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, increased hematocrit, and possible confusion can all occur due to this fluid imbalance.
What are the effects of dehydration?
An abnormality in this electrolyte can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is a potassium imbalance?
This acid-base imbalance can occur if there is a decrease in bicarbonate ions leading to clinical manifestations such as diarrhea, Kussmaul respirations, or headache.
What is metabolic acidosis?
pH 7.29
PCO2 50
HCO3 22
Identifies this acid base imbalance
What is Respiratory acidosis?
This occurs when all compensatory mechanisms fail and require immediate interventions to maintain homeostasis.
What is deompensation?
This is how the body compensates for fluid loss.
What is increasing thirst, increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and producing less urine/increased concentration?
Decreased osmotic pressure in the ECF puts you at risk for what?
What is hypovolemia (decreased BP), cerebral edema...
This acid-base balance can cause clinical manifestations including hyperventilation, anxiety, paresthesia's, dizziness, and the client may have some hypermetabolic state.
What is Respiratory alkalosis?
pH 7.34
PCO2 45
HCO3 18
Identifies this acid-base imbalance
What is metabolic acidosis?
This acid-base imbalance can cause a client to display hyperactive reflexes, slow, shallow respirations, and cramps. This may occur due to excessive ingestion of antacids.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
This occurs when there is high osmotic pressure in the ISF, possibly in burns, increased capillary permeability, and leads to the inability for fluid to reenter the vascular compartment.
What is third spacing fluid?