What are skin tenting, dry lips/mucous membranes, weight loss, decreased urinary output, and increased thirst?
100
The electrolyte level(s) that move inversely with phosphorus
What are calcium and magnesium?
100
The three control mechanisms for acid-base balance
What are buffers, the lungs, and the kidneys?
100
Normal ranges of pH, CO2, and HCO3
What is pH 7.35-7.45; CO2 35-45; HCO3 21-28?
200
Common causes of fluid overload
What are kidney failure, heart failure, excessive fluid replacement?
**Too much going in, not enough going out**
200
Interventions to treat dehydration
What are oral fluids (including sports drinks), IV fluids, treat the problem (vomiting, diarrhea, overuse of diuretics)?
200
Electrolyte most commonly associated with cardiac disturbances
What is potassium?
200
Most common cause for respiratory alkalosis
What is hyperventilation (excess loss of carbon dioxide)?
200
ABG value that determines full compensation
What is a normal pH?
**Between 7.35-7.45**
300
Respiratory signs of fluid overload
What are crackles, shallow resps, increased RR, and SOB?
300
Cardiac signs of actual dehydration
What are tachycardia, hypotension, weak/thready pulses, and flat neck veins?
300
Interventions for hypernatremia
What are increased oral water intake, isotonic IVF (NS or D5-1/2 NS), diuretics, and dietary sodium restriction?
300
Common causes of metabolic acidosis
What are overingestion of antacids, TPN, malnutrition/starvation, diarrhea?
300
A pH of less than 7.35, a CO2 of greater than 45, and a HCO3 of greater than 28
What is partially compensated respiratory acidosis?
400
Interventions for fluid overload
What are diuretics and fluid restriction?
400
Common causes of dehydration
What are v/d, NPO status, excessive sweating, fever, unconsciousness/coma, impaired motor function, overuse of diuretics/laxatives?
**Too little going in, too much going out**
400
The electrolyte affected by parathyroid hormone (PTH) release
What is calcium?
**PTH increases calcium. TCT decreases calcium.**
400
Respiratory symptoms of respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis
What are slow, shallow respirations?
**Hold on to more acid**
400
A pH of 7.36, CO2 48, and HCO3 24
What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
500
General signs of fluid overload
What are edema, SOB, bounding pulse, crackles, and neck vein distension?
500
Lab value changes associated with dehydration
What are increased H&H, BUN, glucose, protein, and electrolytes due to increased serum concentration?
500
Electrolyte imbalance most common in alcoholics and/or malnourished clients
What is hypomagnesemia?
**Watch for dysrhythmias. May have hyperactive DTRs**
500
The acid-base imbalance expected in a client diagnosed with pneumonia