Fluid Compartments
Two-thirds of total body water is located in this compartment
What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is osmosis?
Only IV fluid compatible with blood products
What is 0.9% normal saline?
Force pushing fluid OUT of capillaries
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Major ECF cation
What is sodium?
The compartment that includes plasma, interstitial, and transcellular fluids
What is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Solution that causes no net fluid movement between compartments
What is isotonic?
IV fluid that becomes hypotonic after metabolism
What is D5W?
Force pulling fluid INTO capillaries
What is osmotic pressure?
Major ICF cation
What is potassium?
Fluid trapped in ascites or pleural effusion represents this abnormal shift
What is third spacing?
IV solution that moves water from ECF → ICF
What is hypotonic?
Fluid contraindicated in head injury
What is D5W?
Protein responsible for oncotic pressure
What is albumin?
Pump maintaining Na+/K+ gradient
What is the sodium–potassium pump?
Early sign of third spacing despite adequate intake
What is decreased urine output?
Solution used to treat cerebral edema
What is hypertonic saline or mannitol?
Hypertonic fluid that causes osmotic diuresis
What is mannitol?
Condition with low oncotic pressure leading to edema
What is hypoalbuminemia?
Lab change seen in fluid volume excess
What is decreased hematocrit?
The smallest ECF compartment containing CSF and synovial fluid
What is transcellular fluid?
Tonicity is determined primarily by which solute?
What is sodium?
IV solution contraindicated in kidney failure due to potassium
What is lactated Ringer’s?
Law describing balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
What is Starling’s law?
Life-threatening risk of hyperkalemia
What is cardiac arrest?