Labs
If a patient presents with a serum calcium level of 8.2, what would be a likely diagnosis?
Hypocalcemia
What is the physiologic function of sodium in the body?
Fluid balance, impulses to the nerve and muscle cells via Na/K pump, acid base balance
Which population groups are at a higher risk for fluid imbalances?
Newborns/Infants and Older Adults
What fraction of total body water is present inside the bodies cells?
2/3
What is a byproduct of rhabdomyolysis that can cause rusty colored urine?
Myoglobin
What is the normal lab value range for chloride?
98-105
What is the physiologic function of chloride in the body?
fluid balance and acid base balance
What would the serum osmolality be in a patient with fluid volume excess?
<280
What category of fluid would synovial fluid be considered?
Transcellular
Which type of chemical burn does more damage, acid or alkaline?
Alkaline
A patient's morning labs come back and you notice their albumin is 2.1, what kind of manifestations would you expect to find in your assessment?
Edema, third spacing, ascites
What are some signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Muscle weakness, cramps, nausea and vomiting, peaked T waves
In which direction would water move via osmosis in a patient with FVD?
Into the ECF
Which hormone is released in response to decreased serum sodium or increased serum potassium and stimulates the release of aldosterone?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
In addition to K+, what other electrolyte needs insulin to be carried into the cell, and therefore is depleted in DKA?
Phosphorus
Your patient has a serum osmolality of 320, which type of IV solution would you expect to administer?
Hypotonic solution (.45% NS)
Which electrolyte imbalance is the cause of torsades de pointes?
Hypomagnesemia
What are some assessment findings in a patient with FVE?
SOB, weight gain, hypertension, bounding pulses, JVD, polyuria, pulmonary edema
Which hormone is secreted from the atria in FVE?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What are the 3 main treatment components of DKA?
Regular insulin IV, IV potassium, and NS
Your patient's anion gap is 13.2, what might be some potential causes of this abnormal lab value?
Bicarbonate deficit, DKA, lactic acidosis, alcohol abuse
What are some expected assessment findings in a patient with hypophosphatemia?
generalized weakness, numbness and tingling to extremities, N/V, anorexia, decreased cardiac function, slow cap refill, decreased CO, SS of decreased ATP (AMS, lactic acidosis)
What are some assessment findings in a patient with FVD?
Thready weak and increased pulse, flat neck veins, tachypnea, weakness, poor skin turgor, cool dry skin, oliguria, lethargy, fatigue, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes
What situations would impair the function of the Na/K Pump?
Hypoxia, increased intracellular sodium, acidosis
According to the rule of 9s, if a patient had burns to the anterior and posterior side of their right leg and the anterior side of their right arm, what percent of their TBSA would be burnt?
22.5%