Electrolytes
Fluid Balance
Acid Base
Critical Thinking
Misc
100

Normal electrolyte ranges

Potassium 3.5-5.0

Magnesium 1.5-2.5

Calcium 4.5-5.6

Sodium 135-145

Chloride 96-106

100

What populations are at high risk for fluid volume deficit?

Elderly, infants, obese

100

Normal pH values? Bicarb? Co2?

7.35-7.45; 22-24, 35-45

100

Minimum urinary output in ml/hr for adults?

30ml/hr

100

Give examples of Sensible losses and insensible losses

urine, feces, drainage, wounds; perspiration, expiration 

200

Nursing interventions for a patient with hypermagnesemia  include administering what? 

IV Calcium Gluconate

200

Which organ has an important role in fluid balance?

Which electrolyte would the nurse identify as the major electrolyte responsible for determining the concentration of the extracellular fluid?

Kidneys; Sodium

200

What are some causes of respiratory acidosis?

COPD, coma, over sedation or drug use, cystic fibrosis, sleep apnea, pneumonia, head injury

200

How well the kidneys are filtering the blood?

Glomerular filtration rate

200

signs of dehydration

skin turgor, concentrated urine, dry mucous membranes, fatigue, dizziness, headache, confusion

300

A patient is admitted in the hospital due to having lower than normal potassium level in her bloodstream. Her medical history reveals vomiting and diarrhea prior to hospitalization. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to increase?

Bananas, oranges, raisins, apricots, avocados, beans, and potatoes

300

What is diffusion? What type of process?

Movement of particles through membrane from high concentration to low concentration; passive

300

What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?

vomiting, excessive gi suctioning, excess bicarbs, diuretics

300

If the patient presents with extreme anxiety, increased pulse, increased blood pressure & increased respiration, what will be the result if hyperventilation continues? What is the treatment?

Respiratory alkalosis

300

pH 7.1,

CO2 52

HCO3 28

Respiratory acidosis

400

What is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia? Why?

Administer calcium; phosphorus interacts inversely to calcium, high phosphorus due to hypocalcemia, you will want to increase calcium intake

400

Type of solution that has same amount of electrolytes as body fluids.

Isotonic solutions

400

Order the different buffers from quickest to slowest to take effect and how long?

Blood- seconds

Lungs- 1-2 min

kidneys- hours to days

400

When doing a skin assessment on a patient you notice that after you have pinched the skin over his sternum it does not flatten right away. What does this lead you to suspect? What changes in vitals would you suspect?

Dehydration; increased HR, decreased BP

400

ph 7.6

CO2 30

HCO3 40

Metabolic Alkalosis

500

The nurse should question an order for the administration of NS for a patient with hypernatremia - true or false? Why?

false; cells are dehydrated, need to rehydrate slowly

500

A patient weighed 180lbs yesterday. Upon assessment, the nurse found the patient to weigh 187lbs the next morning. How many L of fluid difference is this?

3L

500

What is the difference between compensated and uncompensated?

Compensated- pH will be in normal range even though bicarb or co2 is out of range

Uncompensated, pjh is out of range

500

What are nursing interventions for hyponatremia?

restrict fluids, diuretics, safety, seizure precautions, monitor I/O, Vitals

500

Chvostek and Trousseau sign seen in? Explain how they are manifested

Hypocalcemia

Chvostek=increased irritability of the facial nerve, manifested by the twitching of facial muscles on percussion of the facial nerve

Trousseau= carpal spasm when blood pressure cuff is inflated

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