Lab Values
Normal Range of Sodium
What is 135-145 mEq/L
Edema, bloated, polydipsia, flushed skin, swollen dry tongue
What is Hypernatremia or hyperchloremia
The types of IV rehydration solutions
This shock can occur when decreased volume of fluid & electrolytes has occurred in the body and can lead to lack of perfusion to lack organs
Anything a client puts in their mouth, takes IV, or any feeding tubes
What is intake
Normal range for Potassium
What is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Heart palpitations, arrhythmias, chest pain, diarrhea, N/V, Peaked T waves & ST elevation
What is hyperkalemia
Many individuals donate this and nurses can use them for clients experiencing trauma, major burns, shock, bleeding or clotting disorders like DIC, cancer, or liver disease
What is plasma
This can result when trying to rehydrate a client and giving them too much IV fluids
What is fluid overload or hypervolemia
Urine, bowel movements, vomiting
What is output
Normal range for Calcium
What is 9.0-10.5mg/dL
Decreased DTR (deep tendon reflexes),heart block, hypotension, bradycardia, hypoactive bowel sounds
What is hypermagnesemia
A nurse would give this type of transfusion when fluid is lost in the body due to hemorrhage from trauma and may be necessary to replace the loss with this type of products
What is blood (transfusion/ products)
This can be caused from prolonged vomiting, severe diarrhea, or profuse sweating
What is dehydration or hypovolemia
These two electrolytes are inverse (opposite) of each other with their hypo & hyper symptoms. Meaning one electrolytes hyper symptoms are the same as the other's hypo symptoms.
What is Calcium and Phosphate
Normal range for Magnesium
What is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Kidney stones, constipation, bone pain, severe muscle weakness & lethargy
What is Hypercalcemia or hypophosphatemia
What is whole blood
When a client is dehydrated, they can experience confusion, headache, dry mucous membranes and their sodium will be this (hint-high or low)
What is low
Normal range for Phosphate
What is 3.0-4.5 mg/dL
Normal range for Chloride
What is 97-107 mEq/L
Positive Chvostek's & Trousseau's signs, muscle spams/cramps, weak bones, paresthesia (tingling/ numbness)
What is hypocalcemia or hyperphosphatemia
Clients that take loop diuretic will be at risk for hypokalemia. If it is recommended for the client to increase their potassium in their diet the nurse would recommend these foods (name at least 3)
What is baked potato, prune or carrot juice, white beans, plain yogurt, sweet potato, salmon, bananas, spinach, avocado
A client with Diabetes Insipidus tends to have low levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and retain fluid which can lead to a client having this level of sodium (hint- high or low)
What is high
These two labs are used to monitor most electrolytes
What is CMP (complete metabolic panel) and BMP (basic metabolic panel)