Someone's Parched
Name at least 1 type of IV fluid that is classified as isotonic.
Lactated Ringer (LR)
5% Dextrose in Water
0.9% NS
Name the normal range for sodium.
136-145 mEq/L
Name 1 cause of hypochloremia.
Metabolic alkalosis
Over hydration
CHF
Burns
Salt depletion
Addison’s disease
Hypotonic IV fluids
What lab value would intake hyperkalemia?
>5.0 mEq/L
Uh oh...your patient's calcium levels are a little low. This vitamin should also be replaced to increase calcium absorption.
Vitamin D
Name at least 1 type of fluid that is classified as hypertonic.
0.45% Saline
0.225% Saline
0.33% Saline
DSW
Name the normal range for potassium.
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
The patient is experiencing hypocalcemia. What two muscle function signs would be seen?
Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign
Name at least 2 symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Headache
Confusion
Fatigue
Constipation
Kidney stones
Bone and joint pain
What type of diet should someone experiencing hypernatremia be on?
Low sodium diet
Name 2 reasons we would give a hypotonic fluid.
Hypernatremia
Dehydration
9.0-10.5 mg/dL
The patient has been experiencing constant nausea and vomiting. At your last check, you noticed the patient becoming increasingly confused and irritable. What electrolyte imbalance are they experiencing?
Hyponatremia
Name at least 1 cause of hyperphosphatemia.
AKI
Rhabdomyolysis
Hypoparathyroidism
CKD
Name at least 2 foods with higher phosphate content.
Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
Meats (beef, pork, chicken)
Legumes
Nuts
What are some risks for giving isotonic fluids?
Fluid overload
Hyperglycemia
LR when given to patients with liver disease
Thinking back to your pre-class assignment, which two electrolytes work together to control BP?
Sodium and Chloride
The patient has hypomagnesemia. What type of arrhythmia would be present on their strip?
Torsades de pointes
The patient is experiencing confusion and lack of muscle control. As you go in the patient's room, you notice that they've started having a seizure. What type of electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypernatremia
The patient is experiencing both hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. What medication should you give to stabilize the heart?
Calcium gluconate
IVF shouldn't be taken lightly when administering them. Name at least 3 of the 5 R's listed in the AACN's 5 R's Algorithm.
Resuscitation
Routine maintenance
Replacement
Redistribution
Reassessment
Thinking back to the pre-class assignment, which to electrolytes work inveresly to one another?
Calcium and Phosphate
The patient's potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L. What would you expect to see on the EKG strip?
Present U waves
Flattened T waves
ST depression
The patient is experiencing nausea, vomiting, fatigue and rapid deep respirations. What type of electrolyte imbalance are they experiencing?
Hyperchloremia
Ouch, that hurts!...When replacing potassium via an IV, it can be pretty painful to the patient. Name at least 2 interventions a nurse can use to reduce that burning sensation.
Slow the infusion rate.
Dilute it with a maintenance fluid such as 0.9% Normal Saline (NS).
Infuse through a FA or AC IV site instead of the hand.