Fluid Basics
A substance (liquid or gas) that flows, changes shape, and takes the form of its container.
Fluid
The measure of a fluid's thickness or internal resistance to flow.
Viscosity
The measure of how tightly packed matter is in an object, calculated as mass divided by volume.
Density
The upward force a fluid applies on an object, acting against gravity.
Buoyant force
The measure of how much matter is reduced in volume when squeezed.
Compressibility
The three states of matter are identified by the Particle Theory of Matter.
Solids, liquids, and gases
Increasing this environmental factor typically reduces a fluid's viscosity.
Temperature
Between solids, liquids, and gases, the state that generally has the lowest density.
Gases.
An object will do this if its density is equal to the density of the fluid it is in.
Suspension or neutral buoyancy.
This type of system uses liquids to transfer energy and create motion.
Hydraulic system.
A rigid substance that does not flow and maintains its own fixed shape.
A non-fluid.
Physical barriers like valves or bends that interfere with flow and cause turbulence.
Obstructions.
This happens to the density of a liquid when it is heated and expands.
It decreases.
An object will float if its density relates to the fluid's density in this way.
If it is less dense.
These systems use gases for mechanical motion and allow for rapid acceleration.
Pneumatic systems.
The smooth, constant movement of a fluid in a single direction.
Flow.
This specific liquid has a very high viscosity of 100,000.
Tar.
The method used to find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid is by placing it in water.
Water displacement.
Objects float higher in these types of fluids because the weight of the displaced volume is greater.
Denser fluids.
This natural human organ acts as a hydraulic dual-pump machine.
The heart.
This property is shared by both fluids and non-fluids and represents the amount of matter inside them.
Mass.
Regarding pipe dimensions, this specific type of diameter increases resistance to flow.
For a regular-shaped solid, you find volume by multiplying length, width, and this.
Height.
This happens to an object if the buoyant force is less than its weight.
It sinks.
Unlike air, water is described by this term because its volume does not change when squeezed.
Incompressible.