States of Matter and Particle Theory
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What makes a substance a fluid?
It can flow and takes the shape of its container
It is a liquid or gas
What is the formula for volumetric flow rate?
FR = V/t
What formula is used to calculate density?
D = m/V
Why are oil spills dangerous to marine life?
They coat and suffocate marine animals and plants
What does the Particle Theory say happens to particles when they are heated?
What does viscosity measure?
A fluid’s resistance to flow
If 10 L of water flow through a pipe in 5 seconds, what is the flow rate?
2 L/s
If an object has a mass of 200 g and a volume of 50 cm³, what is its density?
4 g/cm3
How can oil spills affect birds?
Oil sticks to feathers, removing insulation and making it hard to fly or float
Which state of matter has particles that are close together but can slide past one another?
Liquid
Does honey have high or low viscosity?
High viscosity
What’s the difference between a pneumatic and a hydraulic system?
Pneumatic = gas/air; Hydraulic = liquid
What does “displacement” mean in fluids?
The amount of fluid an object pushes aside when submerged
Name one way we can help prevent or reduce fluid spills.
Using spill barriers, proper disposal, and safety training
What is it called when a solid changes directly into a gas?
Sublimation
What happens to viscosity when a fluid is heated?
It decreases (flows faster)
What principle explains that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions?
Pascal’s Principle
What determines whether an object floats or sinks?
The object’s density compared to the fluid’s density
What is one example of a fluid technology that helps people?
Examples: brakes, IV drips, pipelines, toothpaste tubes
Why do gases have no definite shape or volume according to the Particle Theory?
Because their particles are far apart and move freely
Give one example of a situation where a high-viscosity fluid is useful.
Examples: motor oil, syrup, shampoo, etc.
Give an example where a hydraulic system is used
Example: car breaks, water towers, etc.
What is buoyant force?
The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object
How do engineers use the properties of fluids to design hydraulic or pneumatic systems safely?
They use knowledge of pressure, flow, and viscosity to control movement safely