Fluids 101
What is a fluid?
Answer: This is a substance that can flow and take the shape of its container.
Question: What is buoyancy?
Answer: This force allows objects to float or sink in a fluid.
What is a pure substance?
Answer: This type of substance contains only one kind of particle.
Ex: a diamond.
What is matter?
Answer: Everything is matter. Matter comes in three different states - solids, liquids, and gases. That means that everything is either a solid, liquid, or gas.
What are the two main types of fluids?
Answer: liquids and gases
What is density?
Answer: This determines whether an object floats or sinks in a fluid. Density is a measure of how much matter is packed into a given volume.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Answer: This type of mixture looks the same throughout and has evenly mixed particles.
What is a supersaturated solution?
Answer: A supersaturated solution is one that has dissolved more than the normal maximum possible amount of solute.
Example - The gas carbon dioxide is supersaturated in soft drinks. Pressure forces more carbon dioxide into the solvent than what would normally dissolve.
What is viscosity?
Answer: This property describes how thick or thin a fluid is and how easily it flows.
What is Pascal's Law?
Answer: This law states that when pressure is applied to a confined fluid, it is transmitted equally in all directions.
Ex: When you press down on a car brake pedal and the force is transferred through fluid to stop the car, this law is being demonstrated.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Answer: This type of mixture has visible parts and is not evenly mixed.
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent? Give examples of each.
Solute: The substance that gets dissolved.
Examples:
Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving (usually in greater amount).
Examples:
Question: What is the particle theory of matter?
Answer: a scientific idea that helps us explain how matter behaves.
1) The particles in matter are always in motion
2) Spaces Between Particles
3) Particles Attract Each Other
What is compressibility?
Answer: This term describes how easily a substance can be squeezed into a smaller space, with gases being high and liquids being low.
Ex: Air in a balloon can be compressed because its particles are far apart and can move closer together.
Answer: When temperature increases, the solubility of most solids in liquids increases.
➡This means more solute can dissolve in the solvent.
Example:
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated solution?
Saturated Solution:
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve.
-No more solute can dissolve.
Example:
Unsaturated Solution:
A solution that contains less solute than it can hold.
-More solute can still dissolve.
Example:
Question: What is a similarity between fluids in organisms and mechanical systems?
Answer: In both living organisms and machines, fluids are used to move substances or transfer force from one place to another.
Ex: Blood moves oxygen through the body, while oil or water moves force in machines—both use fluids to transport or transfer something.
Question: What is the difference between pneumatic and hydraulic systems?
Answer: This is the key difference: one uses compressed air, while the other uses liquids to transmit force.
Ex: A bicycle pump uses compressed air, while a car’s braking system uses liquid to transmit force.
List 2 Methods for Separating Mixtures. Describe each and list how they are similar/different.
Method 1: Filtration
What it does: Separates a solid from a liquid using filter paper.
Example:
Method 2: Evaporation
What it does: Removes a liquid, leaving the solid behind.
Example:
Similarities:
Differences:
What is the difference between a chemical engineer and a chemical technician?
Chemical Engineers:
Example:
Chemical Technicians:
Example: