Characteristics of Fluids
What is a pure substance?
Any solid, liquid, or gas that only contains 1 type of particle throughout.
What is Chemistry?
The study of matter and its changes.
Compressibility is the ability to be squeezed into a smaller volume.
Which state of matter has particles closely packed together?
Solids
What is a mechanical mixture?
A mixture where the composition is not uniform. Its components can be separated by mechanical means. Ex: Milk
The volume of a gas decreases drastically when placed under pressure. The volume of a liquid barely decreases when placed under pressure because the particles are much more tightly packed.
Buoyancy is an object's ability to float in water or air. Whether or not an object is buoyant relies mostly on two factors. These are the amount of water an object displaces and the density of an object. A stone is dense and doesn't displace that much water, therefore, it sinks.
What are 3 facets of the particle theory?
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2. These particles are always moving.
3. There is space between particles.
4. Adding heat makes the particles move faster.
5. All particles in pure substances are the same.
What is a solution?
A uniform mixture of 2 or more pure substances. Ex: Salt water.
The volume of a liquid increases when heated. Ex: a boiling pot of water could overflow. Heating a gas also causes it to expand, therefore increasing the volume.
Because each liquid has a different density, the liquids can be made to layer on top of each other without mixing. Objects will float if they are less dense than the liquid they are in, but they will sink if their density is greater than the liquid.
What is the difference between a solution and a solute?
Solution = uniform mixture of 2 or more pure substances.
Solute = substance that is dissolved in the solution.
What is the difference between a homogenous and heterogenous mixture?
Homogenous = solution (made up of parts that are similar)
Mass is the amount of matter in something, normally measured in grams or kilograms etc.
Weight is a force (like gravity) that pulls on a mass and is measured in Newtons. So on Earth, Weight would be your (mass x acceleration.
Density = mass / volume. Density basically means how much mass is in a specific volume or space.
Pascal's law is a law about the physics of a fluid. It says that if pressure is placed on a fluid in an enclosed vessel, this pressure will be distributed evenly throughout the fluid.
What is the difference between sifting and distillation?
Sifting = the process of separating by using a sieve which separates different sized particles.
Distillation = relies on boiling to separate substances.
Use an example to explain the environmental importance of disposing of mixtures properly.
Improper handling can lead to environmental disasters. Ex: oil spills, broken pipelines, sewage pollution, and factory waste disposal can all lead to damaged ecosystems that cripple food chains, force species to find a new ecosystem to thrive in and live in competition with others which can cause a chain reaction.