Lesson 21
Who was a) the emperor after Domitian and b) a good emperor known for bravery and goodness?
a) Nerva
b) Trajan
How was Antoninus Pius friendly toward Christians?
Ordered that they may practice their religion without interference.
What is the name for "rule by military" or the lack of any formal government structure?
Military Anarchy
Name for the new capital of the Roman Empire.
Constantinople
What happened in 476 AD?
The Roman Empire of the West came to an end.
What was the old name for the modern country of Hungary, north of the Danube River?
Dacia.
What is the Thundering Legion?
What was unique about the end of Dicoletian's reign.
He retired voluntarily.
Why did Constantine convert to Christianity?
He saw an enormous cross of fire with the inscription "in this sign you will conquer" and saw Christ in a dream.
Istanbul.
Name three areas that Trajan brought into the Empire.
Dacia, Armenia, and Mesopotamia
What did Aurelius do that had never been done before?
Share the throne; he did with Verus.
Describe three aspects of the state of the Empire at the time of Diocletian.
Must mention at least three of the following: Severe inflation, lack of money, economic collapse, low morale in army; political chaos, and danger from barbarians and Persians
Why did Constantine move the capital of the Empire?
He thought it should be in a more central place than Rome.
Why did Julian the Apostate try to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem?
He was trying to prove the Christian religion untrue (because of the prophecy about the Temple being unable to be rebuilt).
Plutarch (Lives), Tacitus (historian), Juvenal (poet), and Pliny the Younger
What is Stoicism? Identify its founder & major tenets.
Founded by Zeno, required followers to have extreme control of emotion and act according to reason alone.
What was the most significant change made by Diocletian?
Division of empire into east and west
Why did Constantine decide to march his army to Rome?
Maxentius insulted him
Why was Theodosius shamed by Ambrose, the bishop of Milan and what was he not permitted to do until after he completed his penance?
He massacred over 6,000 innocent people, and could not enter the doors of the church.
Name at least four building projects associated with the reign of Trajan.
Answer must include four of the following:
- bridge across the Danube
- Trajan's Column commemorating victories at Dacia
- Trajan's Forum (new)
- Improved the Circus Maximus
- Roads, canals, bridges
What difficulties did Aurelius face during his reign (3)?
Tiber flooded, earthquakes and fires, wars with the Parthians and European tribes in the Danube basin.
Describe 5 reforms/government reorganizations of Diocletian.
Must mention five of the following:
- Split the empire into East and West
- Controlled prices to deal with economic chaos
- Created system of apprentice emperors to help with succession
- Increased size of army
- Froze social order
- Instituted system of taxation payable in goods
- Reorganized the provinces into dioceses
How did Constantine's conversion affect the empire?
Made some Christians high officers; built Christian churches and destroyed pagan temples; legalized Christianity with Edict of Milan 313 AD; converted many Romans to Christianity
Must include five of the following:
- Latin & modern Romance languages
- Roman literature
- Roman law & government
- Christianity
- Architecture
- Art
- Engineering