Introduction to computers
The components and devices that store data and instructions for processing.
What is memory in computers?
This type of logic circuit has an output that is the inverted input signal.
What is a NOT gate?
This design approach involves using a clock signal to synchronize the transitions between states in a sequential circuit.
What is synchronous design?
This metric measures how many millions of instructions a CPU can execute per second.
What is Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS)?
This peripheral device is used for capturing images and videos, often integrated into laptops and smartphones.
What is a webcam?
A machine language that computers understand is composed of these two digits.
What are 0 and 1 (binary code)?
This representation is used to generate a specific binary output based on a combination of binary inputs, often utilized in digital systems.
What is a truth table?
This type of FSM has outputs that depend solely on the current state.
What is a Moore machine?
This involves the actual execution of the instruction by CPU by performing the specified operation, such as arithmetic or logic operations. The results of this phase are often stored in registers or memory.
What is the execute phase?
This modern input device can detect finger gestures on its surface, commonly used in smartphones and tablets.
What is a touchscreen?
This type of software manages hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.
What is an operating system?
The output of this gate is true only when both the inputs are different.
What is an XOR gate?
This type of memory element is fundamental in sequential circuits and can store a single bit of data.
What is a flip-flop?
This unit of measurement refers to the clock speed of a CPU.
What is gigahertz (GHz)?
This communication protocol is widely used for short-range wireless communication between devices, such as mobile phones and headphones.
What is Bluetooth?
The development of this computer was one of the first programmable digital computers, marked a significant advancement in computing during World War II. It was used for tasks such as code breaking and scientific calculations.
What is the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)?
This circuit is used to add two single-bit binary numbers and produces a sum and a carry output.
What is a half-adder?
This state in an FSM is the starting point for state transitions when the system is initialized.
What is the initial state (or start state)?
This process of carrying out multiple operations or tasks simultaneously improves CPU performance.
What is parallel processing?
This device, which utilizes high-resolution displays and stereoscopic vision, is designed to immerse users in virtual environments. It often requires external sensors or cameras for tracking head movement and hand gestures.
What is a virtual reality (VR) headset?
In the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point arithmetic, the representation of a floating-point number involves a sign bit, an exponent, and a mantissa (or significand). For single-precision (32-bit) representation, this standard uses an 8-bit exponent with this bias.
What is bias 127 in IEEE 754 standard?
In Boolean algebra, this law states that A.0=0 and A+1=1.
What is the Identity Law?
This method is used to reduce the complexity of Boolean expressions in digital circuits.
What is Karnaugh map simplification?
During the fetch phase, the CPU uses it to determine the address of the next instruction. After fetching, this register is incremented based on the instruction length. In some CPUs, the address update is managed by this special register that helps in branching and jumping instructions.
What is the Program Counter (PC)?
Known for its precise touch-sensitive surface, this peripheral can emulate the functionality of a traditional mouse and keyboard while offering additional gesture-based controls. It is widely used in creative industries for tasks such as graphic design and digital art.
What is a graphics tablet (or drawing tablet)?