Vocab 1
We climbed up some of the f _ _ _ h _ _ _ s, but we didn’t climb the main mountain.
foothills
barrier debris landfill species surface whirlpool
They put a __________ across the road to stop the traffic.
barrier
1 You don’t understand what I’m saying.
➞ If only you understood / had understood what I’m saying.
understood: We use if only with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
1 They just dump the waste in the water. DO (4 words)
What ______________________________ just dump waste in the water.
they do is to: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
I have rarely seen such a clean hotel!
Rarely ____________________________ such a clean hotel!
have I seen: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
Plastic is highly t _ x _ c to fish.
toxic
All this waste ends up in a __________.
landfill
You work a lot.
➞ I’d rather you didn’t / wouldn’t work so much.
didn’t: We use the Past Simple with would rather to say what someone would prefer now or in the future.
The sea level has risen by a lot. HAPPENED (3 words)
What’s ______________________________ the sea level has risen by a lot.
happened is that: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
There will never be too much love in the world.
Never ____________________________ too much love in the world.
will there be: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
You aren’t allowed to build fires in the wood because they are a safety hazard / pollution.
hazard
This substance is a very dangerous _____________ and should be handled with great care. (CONTAMINATE)
contaminant: A contaminant is something that contaminates water, air or land.
It’s a pity you didn’t go camping with us. WISH
I _________________________ camping with us.
wish you had gone: We use I wish with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
They mentioned him in the news. THAT (4 words)
It was ______________________________ in the news.
him that they mentioned: We can use it in cleft sentences for emphasis.
The plastics release toxins and they also get eaten by fish.
Not ____________________________ toxins, but they also get eaten by fish.
only do the plastics release: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
I don’t think this kind of food can be degraded / consumed in the stomach.
degraded
The abandoned kittens may eventually die of _____________. (STARVE)
starvation: Starvation is suffering or death caused by not eating enough food.
She really should become more independent. TIME
It’s _________________________more independent.
high time she became: We use It’s high time with the Past Simple to say that someone should do something now.
It’s interesting how much remains unknown. IS (4 words)
What’s ______________________________ remains unknown.
interesting is how much: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
He isn’t a role model in any way.
In no ____________________________ a role model.
way is he: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
The city has a modern debris / sewage system to deal with human waste.
sewage
The philosophy of Buddhism teaches respect for all living _____________. (CREATE)
creatures: A creature is an animal.
It’s a shame he can’t understand how I feel. WISH
I _________________________ how I feel.
wish he could understand: We use I wish with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
I’m just saying that global warming cannot be ignored. THAT (4 words)
I’m saying is that: We can use All I’m saying in cleft sentences for emphasis
She wouldn’t litter under any circumstances.
Under ____________________________ litter.
no circumstances would she: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.