Grammar
The arrangement or order of words, determined by both the writer's style and grammar rules.
What is syntax?
In OE, a certain part of speech is conjugated by adding a –d(e) or –t(e) to form preterits or past participles. (e.g., Mod-E talk-talked)
What are Weak verbs?
The term "Middle English" refers to the language spoken in England during this time span.
What is roughly the 12th to 15th centuries?
The invention that marked the standardization of spelling in Early modern English.
What is the Printing Press?
The term refers to the distinct variety of English spoken by many African Americans, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
What is African American Vernacular English (AAVE)?
The "helping" verbs, usually forms of to be and to do. (am, is, are, was, were, being, be, have, has)
What are Auxiliary Verbs?
Old English is primarily characterized by the influence of this language group.
What is Germanic?
The occurrence of a certain aspect of English, that is always long in Middle English.
What is Double Vowels?
The rise of the Tudor dynasty, the establishment of the Church of England (Anglican), and Caribbean, Indian, and New World exploration and colonization.
What are historical Events that had an impact on Early modern English?
The term for the phenomenon where different varieties of English develop distinct vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation over time.
What is dialectal variation or linguistic divergence?
Part of speech used to point to or “demonstrate” a noun, distinguishing it from others. (this, that, those, these)
What is a Demonstrative Determiner?
OE word endings to show gender, number, and case. (root vowels altered)
What is inflections?
The major historical event that gave rise to the introduction of Norman French origin words in Middle English.
What is the Norman Conquest?
The simplification of plurals, regularization of verb conjugations, a shift towards a fixed word order, and the introduction of new prepositions and conjunctions.
What are the grammatical features of Early modern English?
The PDE online communication phenomenon often involves the use of acronyms and abbreviations, such as "LOL" or "BRB."
What is internet slang or netspeak?
This type of verb directly conveys the main action or state of being in a sentence, such as "run," "eat," or "sleep."
What is a Lexical Verb?
The terms nominatives, instrumental, accusative, genitive, and dative.
What are the five cases in OE?
This influential Middle English author wrote "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of stories told by pilgrims on their way to Canterbury.
Who is Geoffrey Chaucer?
The transition into from Middle English into Early modern English that reconstructed the pronunciation of vowels.
What is the Great Vowel Shift?
The process of the blending of words to create new ones, such as "brunch" or "smog.
What is blending or portmanteau?
In English grammar, this term refers to the inflectional endings or word changes that indicate grammatical relationships.
What is morphology?
Nouns that don’t have –s or –es endings. Their plural suffix comes from OE nominative and accusative plural forms.
What are Zero-Plural nouns?
Middle English saw the adoption of this poetic form, characterized by lines of 10 syllables with a stress pattern of alternating strong and weak beats.
What is iambic pentameter?
William Bullokar, Christopher Cooper, Robert Lowth, Lindley Murray, and William Cobbett.
Who is the group of 17th/18th century scholars who wrote prescriptive grammar?
The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language depending on the social context or conversational setting.
What is code-switching?