Anatomy
The artery that supplies the dorsal surface of the foot.
What is the dorsalis pedis artery?
The two major phases of a normal walking gait.
Diagnostic rationale behind testing active versus passive range of motion to isolate contractile muscle pathology from non-contractile joint capsular restriction.
What is the Cyriax method?
What is Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis)?
Navicular drop measurement threshold that classifies a foot structure as "very flexible".
What is a displacement greater than 2.3 cm?
This nerve provides sensation to the lateral side of the foot.
The percentage of the gait cycle spent in stance.
What is approximately 60%?
Manual muscle testing grade assigned when a patient achieves complete active range of motion against gravity but cannot overcome applied resistance?
What is grade 3/5?
Severe tarsometatarsal joint injury resulting from rotational loading or axial impact forcing the foot into hyper-plantarflexion, often accompanied by a popping or tearing sensation.
What is a lisfranc injury?
Passively dorsiflexing the great toe to draw the heel closer to the metatarsal heads, evaluating plantar fasciitis and supple pes planus.
What is the Windlass test?
These five bones make up the medial longitudinal arch.
What are the calcaneus, talus, navicular, first cuneiform, and first metatarsal?
This phase of the gait absorbs the shock and adapts to the ground.
What is pes cavus?
Acute diaphysis fx at the base of the 5th metatarsal characterized by unpredictable healing and high nonunion rates.
What is a Jones fx?
Compressing the metatarsal heads together while applying pressure between the 3rd and 4th metatarsals to detect an intermetatarsal neuroma.
What is Mulder sign?
What is PF?
This muscle contraction occurs during the absorption phase.
What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
What is the Feiss Line?
Morton's foot
Special test where the clinician externally rotates the foot while stabilizing the lower leg to stress the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis or deltoid ligament.
What is the Kleiger test (External Rotation test)?
This movement happens when the plantar fascia when the toes are extended; it is known as the Windlass mechanism.
What is the movement of the calcaneus towards the metatarsal heads to stabilize the medial longitudinal arch?
This gait characteristic distinguishes running from walking.
What is a flight phase where there is not a double-support phase?
This motion describes what occurs when the navicular is not supported by the sole of the shoe, and it drops repeatedly with each step. It can result in internal rotation of the tibia causing stress to the ACL.
What is overpronation?
An anteromedial talar dome fx that can result in clicking or catching within the joint. Fragments can float.
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
Passively dorsiflexing the ankle while maintaining knee extension to provoke calf pn associated with deep vein thrombosis.
What is homan's sign?