Types of Forces
Force and Motion
Energy Transformation
Waves
Being a Scientist
100
What are 2 types of contact forces?
1) Applied Force
2) Friction
100
In the following picture, which team will win tug-of-war? Why?
Neither, because these are balanced forces, therefore they will cancel out to a net zero force.
The motion of the object balanced forces act on remains unchanged.
100
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
100
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
They have an indirect or inversely proportional relationship.
As wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
100
Mia is training for a marathon. As she reads through her food & fitness tracking journal, she notices that she runs more miles on the days that she eats an apple with breakfast. What is the independent variable in this scenario?
The independent variable is her breakfast/including an apple in her breakfast.
Remember, the independent variable is what I change. Mia changed whether she included an apple in her breakfast.
The number of miles she ran that day is the dependent variable, because it depended on the independent variable, her breakfast.
200
What are 3 types of forces that act at a distance?
1) Gravity
2) Electrical force
3) Magnetism
200
The graph plots Jenny's road trip. How many kilometers did she travel in the first 4 hours?
8 kilometers
200
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Energy stored in an object due to its position is called potential energy.
Energy associated with the motion of an object is called kinetic energy.
200
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency?
What type has the shortest wavelengths?
Radio waves have the lowest frequency and therefore longest wavelength
Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and therefore highest frequency and energy
200
Carlos is developing a new chocolate chip recipe. While testing recipes out, he notices that when he adds less and less flour to the cookie dough, the cookies get wider and spread out on the pan.
What is the dependent variable in Carlos’ experiment?
The dependent variable is the SIZE/WIDTH of the cookies
Remember that the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. In this problem, we see that the width/size of each cookie depends on the amount of flour Carlos puts in the dough (the independent variable).
300
What are the 2 factors that affect gravity?
Distance and mass
300
The graph represents Jenny's road trip progress. When did Jenny take a break from driving?
From 4 hours to 10 hours
The distance travelled remains the same, as shown by the horizontal line, from 4 hours to 10 hours.
300
What is the direction of heat transfer?
From hot to cold
300
Which needs a medium to travel, light waves or sound waves?
Sound wave is a mechanical wave, which means, unlike light, it needs a medium to travel.
300
You are doing chores to earn your allowance. For each chore you do, you earn $3. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
The independent variable is the amount of chores you do.
The dependent variable is your allowance.
400
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is a fundamental measurement of how much matter an object contains. Weight is a measurement of the gravitational force on an object.
400
Describe the speed from 10 to 18 hours. Is it constant or changing? Is it increasing or decreasing?
Because speed = distance/time, the slope of the line represents speed
It is constant because the slope is a straight line.
It is decreasing because the slope is negative.
400
Label/explain each type of heat transfer in this photo. Hint: There are 3 types
400
Explain the speed of sound through different mediums.
Sound travels slowest through gases such as air, faster in liquids, and fastest in solids
400
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly.
Identify and explain the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Independent variable: mass of plane or # of paperclips added
Dependent variable: distance the plane flies
500
Which experiences a stronger gravitational pull: 2 hippos standing 10 feet from each other or 2 hippos standing 100 feet from each other? Why?
2 hippos standing 10 feet from each other, because gravitational pull increases as distance decreases
500
Find the speed of each mode of transportation shown on the graph.
Hint: You might need a calculator
Speed = Distance/Time
Biking: 10 m/s (=60m/6s)
Skating: 3.33 m/s (=20m/6s)
Walking: 1.67 m/s (=10m/6s)
500
Jorge wants to melt a Hershey bar in the microwave.
Describe the state of matter and arrangement of the molecules of the chocolate BEFORE he puts it in the microwave.
Explain the effect of the microwave's heat on the chocolate's molecules.
Describe the state of matter and arrangement of the molecules of the chocolate AFTER it is done heating in the microwave.
Before he puts the chocolate in the microwave, it is a solid, which means its molecules are tightly packed
As the microwave adds heat to the chocolate, the motion of its molecules speeds up
After the chocolate is done being microwaved, the chocolate is a liquid, which means its molecules are now further apart from each other
500
Explain the difference between reflection, refraction, and absorption. Give an example for each.
500
Mr. Krabbs wants to make the Krabby Patty more successful. He has SpongeBob try making different menu items to see which one customers like the most.
Identify and explain the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Independent variable: menu item
Dependent variable: # of customer sales