Ch. 4 (Part 1)
The ability to do work or cause change
Energy
Energy of electric charges
Electrical energy
The temperature (in Kelvins) of absolute zero
Zero Kelvins (K)
Buildup of charges on an object
Static electricity
Allows current to take the path of least resistance
Short-circuit
Any material that attracts iron
Magnet
Charges that flow in one direction
Direct current
Energy an object has due to its motion
Kinetic energy
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear energy
Heat transfer between particles of the same object or different objects
Conduction
Transfer of electrons by rubbing objects together
Friction
Melt if they get too hot
Fuses
Device with a magnetized needle that spins freely
Compass
Charges that are constantly reversing
Alternating current
Energy due to the position or shape of an object
Potential energy
Total energy of all the particles in an object
Thermal energy
Heat transfer that occurs only in fluids
Convection
Transfer of electrons by direct contact
Conduction
Bend away from circuits as they heat up
Circuit breakers
Scientific relationship where an electric current produces a magnetic field
Electromagnetism
Transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy
Generator
Energy associated with the motion, position, and shape of an object
Mechanical energy
Energy that travels in waves
Electromagnetic energy
Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
Radiation
Electrons move without touching
Induction
Circuit with more than one path for current to take
Parallel circuit
A coil of wire with a current
Solenoid
Increases or decreases voltage
Transformer
Law stating that energy is never created nor destroyed, but transformed
Law of conservation of energy
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chemical energy
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 K
Specific heat
Electrons move within own atoms
Polarization
Unit of measure for electrical energy
Kilowatt-hour
A solenoid with a ferromagnetic core
Electromagnet
Device that measures small electric currents
Galvanometer