Socialization
Unwritten rules and expectations that govern behaviour in a society or group.
Norms
Approximately what age does the human brain reach full maturity?
25 years old
Piaget proposed a 4 stage theory of cognitive development, although he hypothesized that many never reach the final stage, which includes abstract and hypothetical thinking.
Formal Operations
An increased likelihood of developing a particular trait or condition due to heredity.
Genetic predisposition
What are the names of the brothers from Three Identical Strangers?
Bobby Shafran
Eddy Galland
David Kellman
The ongoing socialization that occurs throughout life as individuals encounter new environments, roles and social groups beyond the family.
secondary socialization
This part of the brain, which develops later in adolescence, is responsible for higher order thinking, decision making and reasoning.
prefrontal cortex
In one or two words, what is the goal of adolescence, according to Erikson?
Identity formation
A field of research that looks at how environmental factors can influence gene expression.
Epigenetics
This sociological perspective views socialization as a means of maintaining social order. Individuals learn the rules and expectations that enable society to function smoothly.
Structural Functionalism
What are the 6 main agents of socialization?
1. Family 2. Peers 3. Schools 4. Media
5. Religion 6. Workplace
A neurotransmitter often referred to as the "feel good" or "reward" chemical that can make young people act impulsively, or take risks.
Dopamine
At what level of moral development do individuals follow laws because they see them necessary in order to maintain the social order and avoid chaos?
Conventional
(as opposed to pre-conventional or post-conventional)
What was the primary focus/findings Annette Lareau's research?
Differences in parenting styles based on socioeconomic background.
Middle Class kids are raised to be assertive and confident, questioning of authority (concerted cultivation)
Working Class kids are raised with less direct supervision but with an emphasis on obedience and discipline (accomplishment of natural growth)
What kind of parenting styles did Lareau find among middle class and working class families?
1. Concerted cultivation
2. Accomplishment of natural growth
Which sociological perspective suggests that socialization reinforces existing social inequalities by transmitting dominant cultural values that benefit certain groups over others?
Conflict Theory
This process takes place in later adolescence and involves eliminating unnecessary neural connections to make the brain function more effectively.
synaptic pruning
Imaginary audience, personal fable, invincibility fable- these are all part of Elkind's concept of:
Adolescent egocentrism
What are the three categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences?
Abuse Neglect Household Dysfunction
Who was in charge of the twin study organized out of the Wyse Institutue in NYC?
Peter Neubauer
You won't be marked on time management, cooperation, and your competitive spirit in school, but it is part of the . . .
hidden curriculum
Part of the limbic system responsible for assessing environmental threats and processing emotions, including fear and pleasure
Amygdala
What Marcia's four identity statuses?
1. Identity Diffusion
2. Identity Foreclosure
3. Identity Moratorium
4. Identity Achievement
A numerical estimate from 0 to 1 of how much variation in a trait is due to genetic differences.
Heritability Coefficient
The "smartest man in the world" who has developed his own "cognitive-theoretic model of the universe" but did not earn a college degree as a result of not filing his student loan papers.
Chris Langan