Earth's Layered Structure
Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Miscellaneous
100

Earth’s core is made of  ___________and nickel.

What is iron?

100

A supercontinent from early geologic time

Pangaea 

100
The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____________________ .
What is pyroclastic material?
100

Seismic wave that always arrives first

What are P waves?

100

Mt. Fuji formed from this type of plate boundary interaction

Subduction

200
Earth’s inner core is solid because of _______________________ .
What is immense pressure?
200
What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate?
What is a convergent plate boundary?
200
What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
What is water vapor?
200

Amount of energy released with each whole number increase in magnitude 

32 times more energy

200

Volcanic islands forming in the middle of a plate are due to....

What are hotspots?

300

Seismic wave that can only travel through solids and not liquids

What is an S wave?

300

New ocean crust is formed at ____________________ 

What is divergent boundaries?

300
The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are _______________________ .
What is shield volcanoes?
300

Quantitative measurement of an earthquake's size based on the amplitude of the largest seismic wave

Richter scale

300

A long horseshoe-shaped seismically active belt of earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and tectonic plate boundaries that fringes the Pacific Ocean

What is the ring of fire?

400
The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to deformation and convection is thought to occur.


What is the asthenosphere?

400

Motion in a gas (as air) or a liquid in which the warmer portions rise and the colder portions sink and heat is transferred

What is convection?

400
A volcano that is fairly symmetrical and has both layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits is a _____________________ .
What is a composite cone volcano?
400

To determine the location of an earthquake's epicenter you need to know the difference between_________and have data from at least_________.

P and S wave arrival times; 3 seismic stations

400

Supervolcano in North America

What is Yellowstone?

500

Two reasons why the Earth's core is so hot. 

Radioactive decay of elements, leftover heat from accretion, frictional heating

500
Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at __________________ .
What is convergent plate boundaries?
500

What are three factors that can affect lava flow? 

Temperature, composition (silica content), and volatile (gas) content

500

The gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain on a fault; the sudden movement releases accumulated energy, and the rocks snap back almost to their original shape. 

Elastic rebound

500

What are two physical features that can form at subduction zones?

What are volcano and trench?

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