Conferences, Memorandums, and other political things
On January 13, 1944 Secretary Morgantheau (jewish) accused the State Department of neglecting the saftey of the Jewish peoples fleeing persecutiuon. He claimed they were procrastinating, failing to act, and preventing action to rescue Jewish refugees. He sent a letter to FDR pleading for his help, and FDR created the War Refugee Board although it did not help much.
Paul Memorandum
On January 19. 1917 a secret message from Germany was sent to Mexico. This message asked Mexico to enter WWI allied with Germany , if the US entered teh war, and in return, Mexico would get back land lost during the Mexican-American war. This message was intercepted by Britain and relayed to the US through the media when Woodrow Wilson released it on Febuary 28 1917.
The Zimmerman Telegram
On March 4, 1933 FDR mentioned this policy in his inaguaraul adress. It terms of foreign relations it entailed pulling out of other countries as a police power, being on equal footing with other countries, promoting pan- americanism, and not getting invloved in foreign affairs. Thsi is evident in the US policy of non-intervention during thh cuban crisis and it's hesitance to join WWII.
Good Neighbor
From January-April 1942 the US fought a battle in the Phillipenes under General Douglas MacArthur. This battle is one of the greatest defeats in US military history with 76,000 troops surrendering. POW were forced on a death march by Japan after capture.
Battle of Battan
Treaty signed on August 5, 1914, between the US and Nicaragua. The treaty allowed the US to build a canal and establish military bases in Nicaragua for the price of 3 million dollars. The treaty was successful, being ratified on June 19, 1916, despite protests from neighboring countries like Costa Rica as they claimed it violated other regional agreements.
Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
(February 4-11, 1945) The second meeting of the "Big Three" (FDR, Churchill, and Stalin) leaving France out. Postwar agreements were discussed especially concerning Germany.
Protocols included: That a United Nations conference on the proposed world organization should be summoned for Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be held in the US. The UK, US, and USSR have power over what is in store for Germany postwar. Germany will be divided amongst shperes of influence by Allied powers and have to pay war repirations.
Yalta Conference
A poem Written by Wilfred Owen before he passed away that was posthumously published in 1920. It described the experience of a gas attack killing his friend. The poem concluded with the lie that "it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country".
Dulce et Decorum
On March 11 1941, this act which allowed the US to aid any country, specifically the allies, with any materials needed for war (food, weapons, and phosphates) in exchange for being able to lease land that the US coudl use for military bases. This act was proposed in December of 1939.
Lend Lease Act
This campaign lasted from November 1942 to May 1943. It started with Operation Torch and ended with Victory in North Africa with Axis surrender. This feat cut off resources from Africa to Italy and helped secure victory in Italy.
North African Campaign
On June 28 1919, this treaty ended WWI putting most of the blame on Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles
From July 17-August 2, 1945 the new big three: Clement Atlee, Truman, and Stalin discussed the fate of Japan and Germany. They ultimatley decided on unconditional surrender of Japan whcih if they did not reicieve would end in utter destruction. They also set forth a plan for postwar Germany built around the 4 D's: Denazification, Demilitarization, Democratization, and Decentralization.
Potsdam Conference
A list of post war principles made by Woodrow Wilson. A few of the points being: NO private international understandings, minimal economic barriers, arms reduction and limitation, ending colonialism, and spreading democracy. Also propsed League of Nations.
Wilson's 14 Points
On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese bomber planes. On December 8, FDR declared war on the empire of Japan and famously called the day this
A Date Which Will Live in Infamy
On June 6, 1945 the US military under General Dwight Eisenhower, proceeded with Operation Overlord which now goes by this name. This operation included an amphibious landing in Normandy where 160,000 troops stormed the beaches. This operation along with Dragoon are considered the turining point in the European war.
D-Day
On Dec 24, 1938, this Declaration was adopted during the 8th Pan-American Conference. The Declaration was an attempt to secure the Americas by claiming that if one area who signed was threatened then every other country who signed would fight them. This was to preserve democracy and to form allies in case the US entered WWII.
Declaration of Lima
A plan put forth by Charles Dawes in Septemeber 1924 under the coolidge administration. This plan was supposed to help relieve the economic crisis in Germany caused by the War Guilt Clause. It had two main feautures: End of French occupation of Rhineland and 100 million dollars from US banks in loans to Germany. Dawes became vice president and wins nobel peace prize.
Dawes Plan
On July 16, 1945 the US had conducted it's first successful nuclear test on a test site in New, Mexico. Truman regarded it as the most terrible weapon in history, and wrote in his diary that he would instruct the military to only use it on military objectives.
Trinity Test
On December 16, 1944, Germany proceeded in an offensive attack on the allies which would be the last major German offensive of the war. This offensive was Hitler's attempt to force the allies to negoiate a peace treaty, but due to the sheer amount of bodies the US kept sending out the Germans lost this battle. Tis battle had teh highest number of casualties than any other battle in WWII.
Battle of the Bulge
On July 24, 1929 a pact that pledged nations to remove war as an option to foreign policy became effective after two years of efforts. This pact was signed by 15 countries including the US and France. This was not a legal document.
Kellogg Briand Pact
At the Sanfransico Conference in June of 1945 the UN charter was adopted and on July 28, the US was the third country to become a part of this international group. The senate ratified in 89/2.
United Nations