Forensic Legality
An item of evidence on an individual's front porch may be collected during a lawful observation, as it falls under this doctrine
What is the Plain View Doctrine?
This individual posited the fundamental theory that underlies all of forensic science, "Every contact leaves a trace"
Who is Edmond Locard?
This individual is responsible for serological testing of bodily fluids and DNA profiling
What is a Forensic Biologist?
These three forms of documentation are ideally employed at crime scenes
What are: Photography, Sketches, Notes?
Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed, link a crime and its victim, or link a crime and its perpetrator.
What is Physical Evidence?
This amendment pertains to the removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This individual is widely considered the "Father of Modern Firearms Identification" and introduced the concept of using microscopic examination to compare fired bullets
Who is Calivin Goddard?
This is the first priority for first responders at a crime scene
What is Preservation of Life?
This type of crime scene documentation visually captures finer details of objects
What is a Close-up Photograph
This type of crime scene search pattern involves eight equidistant lines radiating from a central point
What is a Wheel/Ray Search?
This legal standard states that evidence must be “generally accepted” by the scientific community to be admissible
Frye v. United States
This individual is known for their application of anthropometry to criminal investigation
Who is Alphonse Bertillon?
An analyst in this section of the lab examines toolmarks and striations
What is the Firearms Unit/Section?
This type of crime scene documentation visually captures the spatial relationship between objects within different areas of a crime scene
What is a Medium-range Photograph?
Securing of a crime scene is performed to protect this...
What is Evidence Integrity?
This legal standard states that a scientific theory or technique must:
- Be peer-reviewed and published
- Have a known or potential error rate
- Have general acceptance within the relevant scientific community
- Be testable through scientific methods
- Have standards governing the operation and application of the technique or methodology
What is the Daubert Standard?
Considered a pioneer in forensic serology, this individual conceptualized a process for organizing blood samples into blood type groups. These blood types could be used to identify suspects
Who is Leone Lattes?
A ransom note is submitted to the forensic laboratory as evidence. An analyst from this section would process it
What is the Document Examination Unit/section?
A list of all persons who came into possession of an item of evidence, as well as when and where they were in possession of it
What is a Chain of Custody?
These two pieces of information are essential for an evidentiary seal
What are Initials/Name and Date?
These situations, known as _______, allow law enforcement to collect evidence without a warrant if there is a possibility of:
- Harm to person
- Loss or destruction of evidence
What are exigent circumstances?
This individual authored the first published work concerning the application of different scientific disciplines to criminal investigation: laying the groundwork for what we call "Forensic science"
Who is Hans Gross?
Loops, arches and whorls are the specialty of analysts from this area of the forensic laboratory
What is the Latent Print Unit/Section?
The primary purpose of crime scene documentation is to allow for...
What is Reconstruction?
This kind of container can be made from a piece of paper for small amounts of trace evidence
What is a Druggist fold?