Types of Evidence
Locard Exchange Principle
What is the fundamental principle of forensic investigation that states; "whenever two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material" by Edmund Locard?
any place where evidence may be located and gathered to help explain events
what is a crime scene
an imprint made by ridge patterns of the epidermis
what is a fingerprint
the outermost part of a hair
What is the cuticle scale
any substance that affects human physiology or psychology
what is a drug?
spoken by a competent witness
what is testimonial evidence
the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO
what is modus operandi
fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then exiting on the same side entered
what is loop pattern
the type of protein found in the cortex of hair
what is keratin
a chemical reaction when a reagent is added to an unknown substance
what is a spot (color) test also a presumptive test?
and item used to prove material fact
what is physical evidence or real evidence
evidence searching method moving inward or outward in a circular pattern
what is spiral method
triangular pattern found in all loop patterns
what is delta pattern
individual evidence from hair
what is DNA?
test that specifically identifies one substance
what is confirmatory test?
material or expert testamony that can be related to a single source
What is individual evidence that could include Frye and/or Daubert Standards?
a written record of all persons who have had possession of an item of evidence
what is chain of custody
the pattern used to assign points in the Henry Classification System of 1,024 groups of fingerprints known to exist in humans
what is whorl patterns
the terms used to describe the fiber pattern in a fabric weave
what is warp and weft?
atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons
what is an ion
circumstantial evidence
what is evidence that is based on suggestion rather than knowledge or observation
oblique lighting
what is an observation technique using a beam of light angled to reveal items not seen under normal light conditions?
Henry score 1/1
what is a set of prints with no whorls? a henry score of 32/32 is a set of all whorls
the three common synthetic fibers
what is rayon, nylon, polyester, spandex, acrylic, or olefin?
the most accurate confirmatory test for identification of drugs
what is GC-MS gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer?