States of Matter
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
A small amount of salt is dissolved in a large amount of water. Is this solution dilute or concentrated?
Dilute because there is a small amount of solute (salt) compared with the large amount of solvent (water).
Where inside a cell is DNA located, and what is its main function?
Located in the nucleus; contains the instructions/genetic code for the development and function of living things.
What are the three categories of rocks?
Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic
What color is the Bunsen burner flame when the air hole is fully open, and what color is it when the air hole is closed?
Open = Blue; Closed = Yellow.
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid compared to a gas.
Solid particles are packed tightly together in a fixed, regular arrangement. Gas particles are far apart and move around quickly in all directions.
What are the names of the three parts of a solution:
1. the substance that dissolves
2. the substance that does the dissolving
3. the mixture that is formed
1. Solute: The substance that dissolves (e.g., salt).
2. Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving (e.g., water).
3. Solution: The mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent (e.g., salt water).
What is a gene, and what does it control?
A section/piece of DNA that controls a specific characteristic.
A rock forms when layers of sediment are compressed and cemented together over time. What type of rock is it?
Sedimentary
A student is wearing goggles but has long, loose hair. What safety rule are they breaking, and what could happen?
They should tie back their hair because it could catch fire.
A substance has no fixed shape and takes the shape of its container, but its particles remain close together. What state of matter is it?
Liquid
What are two examples of physical properties that can be used to identify a pure substance?
solubility, melting point, boiling point,
What is the method of using scientific technology to analyze DNA and produce a unique pattern for an individual called?
DNA Profiling
A rock is exposed to high heat and pressure but does not melt. What type of rock could it become?
Metamorphic
A hazard symbol shows a substance can cause serious burns to skin and damage materials. What type of hazard is this?
Corrosive
Name the four changes of state:
1. Melting
2. Boiling
3. Condensation
4. Freezing
An unknown paint produces the same pattern of spots as a known paint during a chromatography test. What does this tell you about the pigments’ solubility, and what can you conclude about the identity of the unknown paint?
Their pigments have similar solubility in the solvent, causing them to travel the same distances. They are likely the same paint.
State two real-world practical applications of DNA profiling.
Solving crimes (forensics) and paternity testing (identifying biological parents).
A farmer wants soil that is good for growing crops. Which type would be the best choice: sandy, clay, or loam? Explain why.
Loam, because it is a mixture of different particle sizes and has a good balance of drainage and water retention.
A student is about to light a Bunsen burner. Give TWO things they should check or do before lighting it.
Check the tubing; tie back hair; put on goggles; make sure the area is clear, etc.
Explain why gases can easily be compressed, but solids and liquids cannot.
Gas particles are far apart with space between them to squeeze into. In solids and liquids, the particles are already touching / packed closely together.
What mixture separation technique would you use to separate the following solutions:
A. Insoluble sand from water
B. Soluble salt from salt water
C. A mixture of water and ethanol
D. Coloured pigments in pen ink
A. Filtration
B. Evaporation
C. Distillation
D. Chromatography
A DNA profile from a crime scene matches a suspect's DNA profile. Does this prove that the suspect committed the crime? Explain your answer.
No. It shows that the DNA found matches the suspect, but DNA evidence alone does not prove they committed the crime. Other evidence must be considered.
Pumice and granite are both igneous rocks. How does their cooling rate differ, and how does this affect their properties?
Pumice cools quickly, making it light and full of holes. Granite cools slowly, making it heavier with larger crystals and no holes.
A pupils is trying to separate sand from salty sea water. Put the following steps in the correct order:
A. Evaporate the water from the mixture to leave the salt behind.
B. Set up a filter funnel with filter paper in it.
C. Pour the liquid into an evaporating basin.
D. Pour the sand and salt mixture through the filter paper.
B, D, C, A