Cells and Bells
The definition of cell theory.
The smallest organisms are made up of 1 or more cells that come from preexisting cells.
This was developed in 1972 to illustrate how cell membranes are constructed.
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
_____: Energy is neither created nor destroyed
What is the First law of thermodynamics?
_____: biological catalysts, nearly all of which are proteins; very specific; name ends in "-ase"
What are Enzymes?
_____: the tendency toward the loss of complexity, orderliness, and useful energy
What is Entropy?
Two similar-sized animal cells are placed in a 0.5% sucrose solution. Cell A enlarges for a while and then stops; cell B continues to enlarge and finally ruptures. Which of the following must have been true at the beginning of the experiment?
A) Cell A was hypotonic to the solution, and cell B was hypertonic.
B) Cell A was hypertonic to the solution, and cell B was hypotonic.
C) Cell A has a higher concentration of sucrose than cell B.
D) Cell B has a higher concentration of sucrose than cell A.
D) Cell B has a higher concentration of sucrose than cell A.
Cell membranes are primarily made up of 2 layers of this molecule.
What are phospholipids?
This membrane protein forms a "hallway" that regulates the passage of specific hydrophilic molecules (ex: ions) into and outside of the cell.
What are channel proteins?
Photosynthesis is this type of chemical reaction.
What is endergonic?
Each enzyme has a pocket called the _____ into which reactant molecules called _____ can enter.
What is active site & substrates?
_____: the energy needed to force electron shells of reactants together to form products
What is Activation energy?
This structure allows cells to move, divide, keep shape, and move organelles.
What is the cytoskeleton?
The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
What is diffusion?
The energy stored in this molecule is found in the chemical bonds between phosphate molecules.
What is ATP?
To say that an enzyme has been denatured means that its _____ has changed and the enzyme can no longer function properly.
What is three-dimensional structure?
cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
What are the mitochondria?
This organelle is responsible for making proteins by translating RNA.
What are ribosomes?
When the concentration of water outside of the cell is less than the water concentration inside the cell.
What is hypertonic?
The sum total of all chemical reactions happening inside your cells.
What is cellular metabolism?
Competitive inhibitors bind to this part on an enzyme.
What is the active site?
situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell
What is hypertonic?
This organelle of the endomembrane system synthesizes all of the parts that make up cellular membranes. Some regions have and lack ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Actively engulfing food or other particles and bringing them into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
Which of the 4 types of biological molecules is ATP?
What are nucleic acids?
Non-competitive inhibitors bind here on an enzyme.
What is the allosteric site?
a group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins
What is the Endomembrane system?