The three basic functions of nutrients in the body.
Energy, Body structure, Regulate metabolism
These are the four main functions of the digestive system.
•Take in food
•Break it down into nutrient molecules
•Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
•Rid body of any indigestible remains
The two major classifications of carbohydrates and their subsequent groups.
Simple (mono and disaccharides), Complex (polysaccharides)
Name 2 functions of lipids.
•Storing energy
•Regulating and signaling
•Insulating and protecting
•Aiding digestion and increasing bioavailability
Proteins are composed of _____ types of amino acids.
20
Most of your body water is found in this compartment.
Intracellular fluid (ICF).
Vitamins are classified as water or fat soluble. Name ALL of the fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamin A, D, E, K.
Monoglycerides and fatty acids are absorbed through the lining of the small intestine via _____ then re-form into triglycerides. These triglycerides are then combined with other materials to form _____ before they are carried off in the _____ system back to the heart.
Micelles, Chylomicrons, Lymphatic.
One of these is enough energy to heat 1kg water 1degree C.
1 Calorie (1 kilocalorie, 1000 calories)
_____: series of catabolic steps that involves enzymes that break down complex food molecules into chemical building blocks
Digestion
Name 2 examples of a monsaccharide.
Glucose, fructose, galactose, pentose
_____ are known as dietary fats made up, in part, of a glycerol head.
Triglycerides
Your body can synthesize _____ nonessential amino acids, but you must consume the other _____ essential amino acids.
11, 9
Water (a solvent) dissolves solutes (classified as nonelectrolytes and electrolytes). Name 1 example of each.
Nonelectrolytes (mostly organic; glucose, lipids, creatine, urea).
Electrolytes (mostly inorganic; salts, all acids and bases, some proteins)
These are all organic compounds that are crucial in helping body use nutrients.
Vitamins
This macronutrient contains more than double the amount of energy of most other macronutrients.
Lipids (1gram = 9kcal.)
This organ makes bile which aids in the digestion and absorption of fat.
Liver
This disaccharide is formed by linking glucose and fructose together. Commonly called table sugar.
Sucrose
Choosing _____ fat is more beneficial than choosing a _____ fat.
Unsaturated; saturated
Name two functional roles proteins play in the body.
Structural, storage, movement, transport, enzymatic.
Water moves freely along _____ gradients.
Osmotic
This vitamin is made in the skin and helps you absorb the Ca in your diet.
Vitamin D
Nutrient-_____ foods have significant amounts of 1 or more essential nutrients per calorie.
Dense (High quality food)
This organ stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed.
Gallbladder
This polysaccharide is a form of energy storage in animals. Often stored in muscles and the liver.
Glycogen
Your body cannot synthesize these essential fatty acids.
Omega 3 and 6.
This protein is most abundant in your bone tissues, skin, blood vessels, and tendons/ligaments.
Collagen.
For optimum health, water intake must equal water output. Regarding water output, _____ is the loss of water you are not aware of. Ex: from the skin and lungs.
Insensible water loss
Without vitamin _____, blood would not clot.
K
The correct order of the scientific method.
Observe - Question - Hypothesis - Predict - Test - Conclude
BMI measurements are used by health professionals to correlate _____ with populations of people and at the individual level.
Disease risk
The _____ indicates the relative rate consumption of food leads to glucose appearing in the blood. Diets low in this has led to increased weight loss, reduced risk of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Glycemic index
_____g or less than _____% of your total caloric intake must come from lipids.
65/30%
_____ proteins contain all essential amino acids. For example: milk, eggs, cheese, fish, poultry, meat, soy, quinoa.
Complete
This part of your brain is considered your thirst center.
Hypothalamus.
This mineral exerts significant osmotic pressure in the body, controlling extracellular fluid volume and the distribution of water.
Sodium (Na)