Classifying Structures
A _________ is something made up of parts that are together in a particular way for a specific purpose or purposes.
structure
A ______ is any push or pull that can make an object change shape, speed, or direction.
force
Every structure needs to support a _________
load
When designing a structure, the designers must calculate the ____ it will need to support.
load
Measure of the force acting on an object
Weight
The ______ is the basic shape of the structure; the _________ is the job that the
structure does.
Bonus 100 points: Provide an example of each
form and function
For example, a really nice looking pair of shoes (form) that are comfortable/sturdy (function)
An __________ acts on an object from outside the object.
Name four types of these forces.
external force
push, pull, gravity and wind
The __________ is the effect of gravity on a structure.
Provide an example (Bonus 100 points)
static load
The bridge
In Ontario, all builders must follow the _________ set out in the Ontario Building Code. The code gives minimum standards for all aspects of a building, including load-bearing design and materials.
rules and regulations
The amount of matter in an object is called?
Mass
What are the 3 Types of Structures?
Provide an example of each
Solid, Frame, and Shell
Examples: Mountain, Skeleton, and Igloo
_________ is the natural force of attraction between two objects. This force constantly pulls structures toward Earth’s centre.
Gravity
The ___________ is the forces that move or change while acting on the structure.
Provide an example (Bonus 100 Points)
dynamic load
Truck moving across a bridge
Something described as ___________ operates well without a waste of time, effort, or expense.
“efficient”
Draw and label the static and dynamic load on a structure
Fro example, a bridge
Most structures are actually _______________. This means that a structure has more than one structure type. Provide an example and explain your reasoning.
Combination Structure
Example, House
The walls and roof - frame
Foundation/basement floor is made of concrete - solid
Bedroom - Shell
Other forces are caused by one part of a structure acting on other parts of the structure. This type of force is called an ________ force.
Name all of these forces
Internal Force
Compression, Tension, Torsion, Shear, Bending
The total load is the sum of the __________ and __________.
Provide an example
static and dynamic loads
The bridge, the cars, trucks and wind (everything impacting the structure combined)
A ________ is any device that can detect or measure real-world conditions. Some can detect heat, light, pressure, or sound, as well as changes in the amounts of these things.
Provide an example
sensor
For example, smoke alarms, water sprinklers, car operating sensors
Do you think a designer should begin work with form in mind or with function in mind? Give reasons for your thinking.
You can justify either BUT I'm looking to see that you understand the concept. For example, you might say they should consider both because it should be useful and easy to use. You may say that without proper function that product isn't useful/safe, than it is not necessary. Some may say that if the form doesn't appeal the customer, than no one will buy it.
Name and describe all 5 internal forces. Provide examples for each.
Compression (pressing on playdough)
Tension (pulling playdough apart)
Shear (cutting the playdough in half)
Torsion (twisting the playdough)
Bending (folding the playdough)
To describe how any force is acting on a structure, engineers talk about these three main things...
Name and describe them.
1.) magnitude (strength of force) 2.) Direction, (where is the force coming from) and 3.) Point and plane of application (exact location and the side of the structure impacted by the force)
Why is it important to consider the safety when designing a structure?
Manufactures have to consider the safety of the people using their products. It can prevent serious injuries and even death. If these measures were not put in place, they would face law suits.