Phonological Awareness
The ability to hear and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
This is what phonics instruction teaches students to connect.
What are letters and their corresponding sounds?
The three major components of reading fluency.
What are accuracy, rate, and prosody?
The study of meaningful parts of words, such as roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
What is morphology?
The ability to understand and make meaning from text.
What is reading comprehension?
The number of phonemes in the word ship.
What is 3? — /sh/ /i/ /p/
The syllable type found in the word cat.
What is a closed syllable?
A student reads every word correctly but reads very slowly and without expression. These are the areas of fluency that need attention.
What are rate and prosody?
The prefix in the word unhelpful.
What is un-?
Using information from a text and background knowledge to figure out something the author did not directly state.
What is making an inference?
Change the /k/ in cat to /h/ to make this word.
What is Hat?
Of these words—tap, made, ship, rabbit—this word contains a VCe pattern.
What is made?
Reading words quickly and accurately without having to consciously work through each word.
What is automaticity?
Determining the meaning of an unfamiliar word by examining the surrounding sentences uses this strategy.
What are context clues?
he central point or most important idea the author wants the reader to understand.
What is the main idea?
A student can identify rhyming words and count syllables but struggles to separate individual sounds in words. This is the skill the teacher should target.
What is phonemic awareness?
When encountering an unfamiliar word like sunset, this strategy can help a student decode it.
What is breaking the word into syllables or meaningful parts?
Having a student read the same passage several times while receiving feedback is this instructional strategy.
What is repeated reading?
The type of vocabulary a person understands compared with the type they use when speaking or writing.
What are receptive and expressive vocabulary?
Explaining why a character made a decision and providing evidence from the text practices these two comprehension skills.
What are inferencing and using text evidence?
Saying /m/ /ă/ /p/ and asking students to say the word practices this phonemic awareness skill.
What is phoneme blending?
A student can pronounce individual letter sounds but has difficulty combining them to read unfamiliar words. This is the skill that needs additional explicit instruction.
What is blending?
Simply increasing a student's reading speed is not the best solution when the student frequently substitutes or skips words because fluency also requires this.
What is accuracy?
Exploring a word's meaning, synonyms, antonyms, examples, nonexamples, and using it in meaningful contexts is an example of this type of instruction.
What is explicit vocabulary instruction?
A student can accurately decode every word but cannot explain the meaning of the passage. This area of reading should be investigated.
What is language comprehension?