Foundation Lecture Final Exam 3

Stressors

100

Interpersonal conflicts, relationship issues, social isolation, discrimination, or major life events like divorce or job loss.

Social Stressors

200

These involve emotional or mental challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, fear, or low self-esteem.

Psychological stressors

300

Work-related pressures like heavy workloads, long hours, insecurity, or difficult coworker relationships.

Occupational Stressors

400

These include physical factors like illness, injury, pain, extreme temperatures, or lack of sleep.

Physiological Stressors

500

Factors in one's surroundings like noise, overcrowding, natural disaster, or unsafe living conditions.

Environmental Stressors

Pain

100

Persistent or recurring pain lasting longer than 3-6 months.

Chronic Pain

200

Pain affecting from skin, muscles, or bones

Somatic Pain

300

This is short-term pain, usually with an identifiable cause like an injury or surgery.

Acute pain

400

Pain affecting from internal organs or tissue lining from a body cavity.

Visceral pain

500

This is caused by actual or potential tissue damage, activating pain receptors.

Nociceptive Pain

Assessment

100

What does SOCRATES stands for?

Site, Onset, Character, Radiation, Association, Time course, Exacerbating/Relieving Factors, Severity

200

An initial, thorough head-to-toe examination performed when a patient is admitted to evaluate their overall health status.

Comprehensive or Complete Assessment

300

A brief, targeted examination done at the start of each shift or when there are a specific patient concerns to assess current status and any changes.

Focus or Clinical Assessment.

400

A rapid evaluation done in emergencies to quickly determine the extend of injuries or issues and priorities care needs.

Emergency Assessment

500

What does OPQRST and OLDCARTS stands for?

Onset, Provoking factors, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time Course

Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, Severity.

Random

100

Refer to the foundational belief that individuals hold about the world, which are often formed early in life and are deeply ingrained.

first-order beliefs

200

Is a framework designed to assess and enhance clinical judgment skills in nursing practice. This model is particularly relevant in the context of Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) exams, which aim to better evaluate a nurse's ability to make sound clinical judgments.

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM)

300

Refers to the application of a healthcare professional's knowledge, experience, and intuition to make informed decisions about patient care. It involves interpreting and evaluating information to make sound clinical decisions.

Clinical Judgement

400

Is the cognitive process that healthcare professionals use to gather and analyze patient information, generate and test hypotheses, and make decisions about diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical Reasoning

500

Is a multifaceted concept that is significant in various fields, refers to the capacity and right of individuals to make informed, uncoerced decisions about their own lives.

Autonomy

NCLEX Style

100

A 45-year-old patient presents to the clinic with complaints of pain in the right lower leg following a fall. The patient describes the pain as sharp and localized to the area just above the ankle. Upon examination, there is swelling and tenderness over the tibia. Based on this information, what type of pain is the patient most likely experiencing?

A) Visceral pain
B) Neuropathic pain
C) Somatic pain
D) Referred pain

Correct Answer: C) Somatic pain

Rationale:

• Somatic pain is associated with injury to the skin, muscles, bones, or connective tissues and is typically well-localized, as described in the scenario.

200

A 60-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain due to acute appendicitis. The pain is described as dull and cramping, and it worsens with movement. Which type of pain is the patient experiencing?

A) Neuropathic pain
B) Nociceptive pain
C) Psychogenic pain
D) Phantom pain

Correct Answer: B) Nociceptive pain

Rationale:

• Nociceptive pain is caused by tissue damage or inflammation and can be further divided into somatic and visceral pain. In this case, the pain is visceral, as it originates from internal organs (the appendix) and is described as dull and cramping.

300

A 50-year-old patient comes to the emergency department with complaints of severe abdominal pain. The patient describes the pain as a deep, cramping sensation that is difficult to pinpoint. The pain is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Based on this description, what type of pain is the patient most likely experiencing?

A) Somatic pain
B) Neuropathic pain
C) Visceral pain
D) Referred pain

Correct Answer: C) Visceral pain

Rationale:

• Visceral pain originates from the internal organs and is often described as deep, aching, or cramping. It is typically poorly localized and may be associated with autonomic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
• Somatic pain is associated with injury to the sk

400

A nurse is caring for a 70-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. The patient has decided to refuse further treatment and wishes to be discharged home with hospice care. The patient's family is upset and insists that the patient continue aggressive treatment. What is the nurse's best course of action in this situation?

A) Encourage the patient to reconsider their decision to appease the family.
B) Respect the patient's decision and advocate for their wishes to be honored.
C) Arrange a meeting with the healthcare team to convince the patient to continue treatment.
D) Follow the family's wishes and continue with the aggressive treatment plan.

Correct Answer: B) Respect the patient's decision and advocate for their wishes to be honored.

Rationale:

• Respecting patient autonomy means acknowledging and supporting the patient's right to make informed decisions about their own care, even if those decisions differ from the wishes of the family or healthcare team.

500

A nurse is admitting a new patient to the hospital for a scheduled surgery. As part of the comprehensive assessment, which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

A) Conduct a detailed health history interview.
B) Perform a complete physical examination.
C) Review the patient's medication list.
D) Assess the patient's cultural and spiritual needs.
E) Focus only on the body system related to the surgery.

Correct Answers: A, B, C, D