NCLEX Style
Sleep Stuff
Sleep Stuff
A 45-year-old patient reports difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep for the past month. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide to help improve the patient's sleep? (Select all that apply.)
A) Take a warm bath or shower before bedtime.
B) Use the bed only for sleep and intimacy.
C) Drink a glass of wine to relax before bed.
D) Avoid using electronic devices at least an hour before bedtime.
E) Go to bed only when feeling sleepy.
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
Rationale:
Deep, sleep wave or restorative of sleep. Blood pressure drops, breathing is slowest, muscles are relaxed, and it is difficult to awaken. Growth hormone is released during this stage.
NREM 3
A nurse is caring for a patient with a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to find in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Thirst
B) Confusion
C) Muscle weakness
D) Bradycardia
E) Edema
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale:
A nurse is planning care for a patient diagnosed with hypomagnesemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
A) Administer oral magnesium supplements as prescribed.
B) Encourage increased intake of foods high in magnesium, such as nuts and green leafy vegetables.
C) Monitor the patient for signs of hypermagnesemia, such as decreased deep tendon reflexes.
D) Prepare to administer intravenous magnesium sulfate if the patient exhibits severe symptoms.
E) Restrict dietary calcium intake to prevent further complications.
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale:
A 55-year-old patient has been diagnosed with high LDL cholesterol levels. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan to help lower LDL cholesterol?
A) Increase intake of saturated fats.
B) Incorporate more soluble fiber into the diet.
C) Consume more trans fats.
D) Increase intake of red meat.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A 30-year-old patient is diagnosed with hypersomnia and reports feeling excessively sleepy during the day despite getting adequate sleep at night. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan to help manage the patient's condition? (Select all that apply.)
A) Encourage the patient to take short, scheduled naps during the day.
B) Advise the patient to maintain a consistent sleep schedule, even on weekends.
C) Suggest the patient consume caffeinated beverages throughout the day.
D) Recommend engaging in regular physical activity.
E) Instruct the patient to avoid heavy meals before bedtime.
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
Rationale:
Light sleep, transition from wakefulness to sleep.
NREM 1
A nurse is assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with hyponatremia. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to find in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Headache
B) Seizures
C) Hyperreflexia
D) Dry mucous membranes
E) Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answers: A, B, E
Rationale:
A nurse is providing dietary education to a patient with hypermagnesemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid? (Select all that apply.)
A) Spinach
B) Almonds
C) Bananas
D) Chicken breast
E) Dark chocolate
Correct Answers: A, B, E
Rationale:
A patient's recent lipid panel results are as follows: Total cholesterol: 240 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol: 160 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol: 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides: 150 mg/dL. Based on these results, which of the following is the primary concern for the nurse to address?
A) Low HDL cholesterol
B) High triglycerides
C) High total cholesterol
D) High LDL cholesterol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A 28-year-old patient with narcolepsy is being educated on lifestyle modifications to help manage their condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will take short, scheduled naps during the day to help manage my sleepiness."
B) "I should avoid caffeine in the afternoon and evening to improve my nighttime sleep."
C) "I can drive whenever I feel alert, as long as I have had a good night's sleep."
D) "I will try to maintain a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Onset of sleep, with slowed heart rate, breathing, and body temperature.
NREM 2
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient and notes a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor for in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Muscle weakness
B) Bradycardia
C) Hypotension
D) Constipation
E) Tall, peaked T waves on ECG
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
Rationale:
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypernatremia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
A) Administer hypotonic intravenous fluids as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to increase water intake if not contraindicated.
C) Monitor the patient's neurological status regularly.
D) Restrict sodium intake in the patient's diet.
E) Administer sodium bicarbonate to neutralize excess sodium.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D
Rationale:
A patient's laboratory results show a serum albumin level of 2.8 g/dL. Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with this finding?
A) Dehydration
B) Liver disease
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A 45-year-old patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is being educated on interventions to manage the condition. Which of the following interventions is most effective in reducing the symptoms of OSA?
A) Using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine during sleep.
B) Taking a sedative before bedtime to ensure uninterrupted sleep.
C) Sleeping in a supine position to maintain an open airway.
D) Increasing fluid intake before bedtime to stay hydrated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Stage where increased brain activity and dreaming occurs.
REM
A nurse is caring for a patient with a serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to find in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Muscle cramps
B) Weak, irregular pulse
C) Hyperactive bowel sounds
D) Flattened T waves on ECG
E) Increased deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale:
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypokalemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
A) Administer oral potassium supplements as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to consume foods high in potassium.
C) Monitor the patient's cardiac rhythm regularly.
D) Administer potassium intravenously as a rapid IV push.
E) Educate the patient about the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
Rationale:
A 70-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with signs of malnutrition. The laboratory results reveal a serum albumin level of 2.5 g/dL. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to address this finding?
A) Encourage a high-protein diet.
B) Restrict fluid intake.
C) Administer diuretics as prescribed.
D) Implement a low-sodium diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A nurse is assessing a patient who is suspected of having sleep apnea. Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of sleep apnea?
A) Difficulty falling asleep at night.
B) Loud snoring with periods of silence.
C) Frequent nighttime urination.
D) Vivid dreams and nightmares.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A patient in a sleep study is observed to have increased brain activity, rapid eye movements, and temporary muscle paralysis. These observations are characteristic of which stage of sleep?
A) NREM Stage 1
B) NREM Stage 2
C) NREM Stage 3
D) REM Sleep
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A nurse is assessing a patient with a serum magnesium level of 3.5 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor for in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hypotension
B) Bradycardia
C) Hyperreflexia
D) Respiratory depression
E) Lethargy
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
Rationale:
A nurse is caring for a patient with hyponatremia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
A) Administer hypertonic saline as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to drink plenty of water.
C) Monitor the patient's neurological status regularly.
D) Restrict free water intake.
E) Implement seizure precautions if necessary.
Correct Answers: A, C, D, E
Rationale:
A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents for a routine follow-up. The patient's A1C level is reported as 6.5%. How should the nurse interpret this result?
A) The patient's diabetes is well-controlled.
B) The patient is at risk for hypoglycemia.
C) The patient is at risk for developing diabetes complications.
D) The patient does not have diabetes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
A 30-year-old nurse who works rotating night shifts reports difficulty sleeping during the day and excessive sleepiness during night shifts. The nurse is likely experiencing a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to help manage this condition?
A) Taking melatonin supplements before bedtime during the day.
B) Drinking caffeinated beverages throughout the night shift.
C) Exercising vigorously before attempting to sleep during the day.
D) Keeping the bedroom brightly lit during daytime sleep.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
During a sleep study, a patient is observed to have sleep spindles and K-complexes on their EEG. These findings are characteristic of which stage of sleep?
A) NREM Stage 1
B) NREM Stage 2
C) NREM Stage 3
D) REM Sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A nurse is caring for a patient with a serum magnesium level of 1.2 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to find in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Muscle tremors
B) Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
C) Confusion
D) Hypertension
E) Prolonged QT interval on ECG
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
Rationale:
A nurse is providing dietary education to a patient with hyperkalemia. Which of the following foods should the patient be advised to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
A) Bananas
B) Spinach
C) White rice
D) Oranges
E) Potatoes
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
Rationale:
A 60-year-old patient admitted to the ward for observation due to a large body surface area (BSA) burn. The laboratory results show a serum albumin level of 5.5 g/dL. Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with this finding?
A) Chronic liver disease
B) Dehydration secondary to burn
C) Malnutrition
D) Nephrotic syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: