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Briefly summarize Federalist 10.
The US needs to be a large, pluralist republic so that factions can be controlled.
Briefly summarize A Letter from Birmingham Jail.
Written by MLK. Nonviolent direct action is needed in order to protest injustice.
Brown v. Board of Education
14th Amendment - Equal Protection Clause
Baker v. Carr
Districts need to be equally sized. "One person, one vote."
Brown v. Board of Education
Schools were segregated by race.
Briefly summarize Federalist 51.
Checks and balances and separation of powers must be incorporated into the government so that one branch does not become too over powered.
Explain how Shays Rebellion led to the Articles of Confederation being replaced by the Constitution.
Revealed that the national government was too weak and lacked important powers, such as the power to tax and to raise an army.
Engel v. Vitale
1st Amendment - Establishment Clause
US v. Lopez
Congress had exceeded its authority under the Commerce Clause and the GFSZA was unconstitutional.
Shaw v. Reno
North Carolina gerrymandered in order to create a district that was predominantly Black.
Briefly summarize Federalist 70.
The US should have a single, strong executive.
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are examples of what in the Declaration of Independence?
Natural rights.
Citizens United v. FEC
1st Amendment - Free Speech
McDonald v. Chicago
The 2nd Amendment was selectively incorporated to the states, meaning that the Illinois law restricting guns was unconstitutional.
Students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War.
Briefly summarize Federalist 78.
The judicial branch must be independent because it is the weakest of the branches. It should have the ability to review the constitutionality of laws.
Which article of the Constitution created Congress?
Article I
Gideon v. Wainwright
6th Amendment and 14th Amendment Due Process
Schenck v. US
Schenck's free speech was not violated because he was advocating dangerous behavior. "Can't shout fire in a crowded theater."
NYT Co. v. US
The government attempted to use prior restraint on the NYTimes to keep them from releasing the Pentagon Papers.
Briefly summarize Brutus I.
Anti-Federalist who wanted a small republic because it would be less likely to lead to tyranny and would result in people's voices being heard more by the government.
Explain the Connecticut/Great Compromise.
Virginia Plan --> House (representation based on population)
New Jersey Plan --> Senate (equal representation per state)
McCulloch v. Maryland
Marbury v. Madison
Created judicial review and gave the Supreme Court the power to strike down laws it ruled unconstitutional
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Amish parents wanted their students to stop going to school after 8th grade.