Building Site
The MAPS that provide us with useful information about the general conditions of the building site are called ..... maps.
CADASTRAL
To cut down trees and bushes we use .....
SAWS or CHAINSAWS
GRANITE or GRAVEL are types of ..... subsoil.
FIRM
What material do we use for TIMBERING the walls of the foundations?
wood
The two basic types of foundations are ..... and .....
SHALLOW (spread footings) and DEEP
For demolishing old buildings, because it is a skilled job, we need someone (or a specialized company) called D..... C.....
A DEMOLITION CONTRACTOR
The hand tools used for DIGGING are e.g. ..... (name at least two of them).
SPADES, PICKAXES or SHOVELS
Drainage is used when there is too much ..... in the subsoil as the WATER TABLE is too high.
GROUNDWATER
If we HAND TRIM the bottom of the TRENCH, do we use a small excavator or some hand tools?
hand tools
If the surface soil is strong enough to suport the loads, we use ..... foundations.
SHALLOW
We usually G ..... O ..... trees and bushes to clear the building site.
GRUB OUT
The type of plant on CATERPILLAR TRACKS and with a POWERFUL ENGINE which is usually used for pushing the soil away is called a .....
BULLDOZER
Three types of WEAK (or weaker) subsoil are .....
CLAY, SAND and PEAT (also CHALK)
Three depths of excavations are ....., ....., and .....
shallow, medium and deep
PILE foundations or PIERS are types of D ..... foundations, together with C .....
DEEP, CAISSONS
Name THREE common features that might cause difficulties at a building site (15 seconds).
1. infilled ponds, ditches and streams
2. disused pipes
3. contaminated soil by materials hazardous to health or environment
4. unstable subsoil (especially at a filled site)
The type of plant with a DIGGING BUCKET and a long HYDRAULIC ARM used for excavations is called a .....
BACKHOE EXCAVATOR
For the OPEN system of water removal we use S..... P..... and S..... P.....
SUMP PITS and SUMP PUMPS
If we timber the walls of foundations, especially in ..... (type of subsoil), we want to prevent them from C .....
WEAK SUBSOIL, COLLAPSING
A reinforced concrete slab, often stiffened by ribs or beams, is used for ..... foundations which can carry the load from a larger area.
MAT/RAFT
After the demolishing of old buildings the ..... (what is left after) must be loaded onto SKIPS and driven away (together with the DEBRIS from bushes and trees).
RUBBLE
Bulldozers or wheel loaders are kinds of machinery called .....- ..... plant, used for excavations and digging the foundations.
EARTH-MOVING
For the CLOSED system of water removal we use ..... (usually made of clay) and ..... (with small holes).
POROUS PIPES and PERFORATED PIPES
If the water table is too high, the foundations might be damaged by D ..... that´s why we need to drain the site to make it more S ..... (something like "strong", but not "firm").
DAMPNESS, STABLE
..... foundations are used for heavily loaded skeleton constructions in undermined areas and are formed by a number of intersecting strips.
GRID