Foundations and Research Ch 1
This psychologist developed radical behaviorism and closely associated with operant conditioning
BF Skinner
This process increases future behavior by adding a stimulus after a response
positive reinforcement
This schedule reinforces every occurrence of a target response
Continuous reinforcement
CRF
FR1
This stimulus signals that a particular response has produced reinforcement in its presence
Discriminative stimulus
SD
Money acquires reinforcing value through its relation to many different reinforcers. Name this type of reinforcer
generalized conditioned reinforcer
this is the variable a researcher deliberately manipulates
Independent variable
A tone repeatedly precedes food and eventually elicits salivation. The tone now has this function
conditioned stimulus
CS
Reinforcement follows an average of 5 responses, with the requirement changing from one reinforcer to the next. Name the schedule
Variable-ratio 5
VR5
Responses occur to stimuli that resemble a stimulus previously associated with reinforcement. Name this process
Stimulus generalization
This relation predicts that the proportion of responses allocated to an option will match the proportion of reinforcement obtained from it
matching relation
matching law
this experimental design introduces treatment, withdraws it, and then introduces it again
ABAB reversal design
A previously reinforced response decreases when it no longer produces reinforcement. Name this process
Operant extinction
Buckling your seat belt stops an ongoing warning sound, making buckling more likely. Identify the reinforcement process and whether it involves escape or avoidance
negative reinforcement
escape ...but later avoidance?
A trained animal begins performing species-typical behavior that interferes with the response its trainer reinforced. Name this phenomenon
instinctive drift
the value of a reinforcer decreases as the wait to receive it increases. name this process
delay discounting
Radical behaviorism includes thoughts and feelings within the study of behavior. These events are called this because others cannot directly observe them
private behavior
private events
A teacher reinforces progressively closer attempts at saying a complete word. Name this teaching procedure
Shaping
A child loses a token after hitting, and hitting decreases over time. Name the behavioral process
Negative punishment
response cost
A pigeon begins pecking a light that predicts food, even though pecking is not required for food delivery. Name this procedure
autoshaping
in a response chain, the stimulus produced by completing one link can reinforce the preceding response and serve this second function for the next response
discriminative stimulus
SD
A researcher repeats an experiment using different participants, settings, or procedures to examine the generality of findings. Name this type of replication
Systematic replication
After learning that a tone predicts food, an animal received tone-plus-light pairings followed by food. Little conditioning develops to the light. Name this effect
Blocking
Under this schedule, the first response after a constant amount of time produces reinforcement. Animal responding often shows a pause followed by an accelerating response rate
Fixed-interval
FI
After discrimination training with an SD and a similar S-delta, the strongest responding occurs to a stimulus displaced away from the S-delta rather than to the original SD. Name this effect
peak shift
two options provide 80% and 20% of the obtained reinforcement, but the responses are distributed 60% and 40%. name this deviation from matching
undermatching