Foundations of America
This document, signed in 1776, declared that the American colonies were free from British rule.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as this.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This system of production, pioneered by Henry Ford, used a moving assembly line to make manufacturing more efficient.
What is mass production?
This business practice occurs when one company has complete control over an industry.
What is a monopoly?
"New Immigrants" in the late 1800s primarily came from these regions of Europe.
What are Southern and Eastern Europe?
He was the commander of the Continental Army and later became the first U.S. President.
Who is George Washington?
This amendment protects freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
This invention by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 revolutionized communication.
What is the telephone?
This steel industry leader's essay "The Gospel of Wealth" argued that the rich should use their wealth to help society.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This 1882 law was the first to restrict immigration based on national origin.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This was the first governing document of the United States that created a weak central government.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
This constitutional principle divides power between three branches of government.
What is separation of powers?
Completed in 1869, this connected the eastern and western United States by rail.
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
This 1890 law was the first federal legislation designed to limit monopolies.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
These crowded, poorly constructed apartment buildings housed many immigrants in urban areas.
What are tenements?
He is known as the "Father of the Constitution" and later became the fourth U.S. President.
Who is James Madison?
This principle ensures that each branch of government can limit the powers of the other branches.
What is checks and balances?
This steel-making process, which blew air through molten iron to remove impurities, made steel production faster and cheaper.
What is the Bessemer Process?
Led by Samuel Gompers, this labor organization focused on improving conditions for skilled workers.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Political organizations that controlled city governments through patronage and often engaged in corruption were known as this.
What are political machines?
This French observer wrote about American democracy in the 1830s, noting values like liberty, equality, and individualism.
Who is Alexis de Tocqueville?
This compromise at the Constitutional Convention counted enslaved persons as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
This French economic term describing a hands-off approach by government toward business was popular during the Gilded Age.
What is laissez-faire?
This oil industry giant used horizontal and vertical integration to create the Standard Oil Company.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
The process of immigrants adopting American customs, language, and culture is known as this.
What is Americanization?