HEENT
For testing near vision, utilize the rosenbaum chart. For distance vision, you utilize this chart instead.
What is the Snellen chart?
A patient is experiencing this term if they have trouble breathing when lying down.
What is orthopnea?
This left side of the heart is for this type of circulation.
What is systemic?
An arterial ulcer can be found on your toes, feet, and this part of your ankle.
What is lateral?
Your patient is a pregnant 32 year old woman. When auscultating her heart, you hear an extra heart sound that occurs immediately after s2. What is the sound's nickname, and should you be concerned?
Ventricular gallop, normal in pregnancy, adults under 40
Your mom is having trouble reading her phone and holding it at a distance. It's called this term which refers to the farsightedness caused by age and loss of lens elasticity.
What is presbyopia?
This hard and fast breathing pattern is labored hyperventilation. Common causes include severe acidosis, uncontrolled diabetes, or toxic ingestion.
What is kussmaul?
Your patient is experiencing this when they have a sudden episode of shortness of breath that occurs at night.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Early signs of this disease are varicose veins. A common cause includes incompetent valves or a history of deep vein thrombosis.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
Mr. Chen is a 72-year-old retired teacher with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. He is in the primary care office today with complaints of leg pain. The pain is bilateral and starts about 5-10 minutes after he starts walking. He "needs to sit and rest frequently" and states this has become "very bothersome." Based on the information provided, what diagnosis is most likely?
Peripheral arterial disease
A patient comes into the hospital with this - a single, enlarged, nontender, left supraclavicular node. It can often indicate cancer.
What is Virchow's node?
A cyclic increased ventilation followed by a decreased ventilation followed by apnea is this breathing pattern that can be caused by severe decompensated heart failure or at the end of life.
What is Cheyne-Stokes?
This extra heart sound is from fluid overload like congestive heart failure.
What is s3?
This disease is typically caused by atherosclerosis. Common signs and symptoms include intermittent claudication, hair loss on the affected extremities, and dry ulcers on the skin.
What is peripheral arterial disease?
When inspecting your patient, you realize that half of their face is drooping. They are unable to evenly puff out their cheeks, smile, and squint. Half of their face is smooth with no wrinkles, too. However, their face is the only abnormal feature. What cranial nerve is affected, and what is most likely happening with this patient?
Cranial nerve 7, bell's palsy
When inspecting the ear, you may see a clear/yellow tympanic membrane appearance with bubbles. Serous fluid is found in the middle ear, but it is not infected.
What is otitis media with effusion (OME)?
These sounds are heard over the major bronchi. They are moderate pitched and the inspiration is equal to the expiration.
What is bronchovesicular sounds?
This extra heart sound is caused by turbulent blood flow, and in infants could be due to a cardiac wall defect.
What is a murmur?
Patients with this type of cancer are more at risk for developing lymphedema.
What is breast cancer?
Your patient today has come in due to an exacerbation of their COPD. The doctor has ordered oxygen with a specific flow rate. What type of oxygen mask should you use for the patient?
Venturi mask
This cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of the tongue. To test for it, stick out tongue and check midline position.
What is cranial nerve 12? What is hypoglossal?
When listening to your patient's lungs, you hear fluid in the alveoli of the lungs. Their pneumonia could have caused this type of abnormal lung sound.
What are crackles?
This is the buildup of plaque in the inner lining of arteries. It leads to a narrowing or blockage, and it can lead to decreased blood and oxygen to tissues.
What is atherosclerosis?
The 6 P's indicate an emergency! Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, polar cold, and this meaning numbness or tingling.
What is paresthesia?
Your patient who has been diagnosed with CVI is asking what they should be doing at home. You teach your patient that buying these are a good idea.