The Fix Is In
The US government under the Articles of Confederation had no specific power to tax.
What is Article I, Section 8? "The Congress shall have power to tax and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises."
I believe that governments exist based on the consent of the governed. People call my work the social contract theory. The Declaration of Independence was heavily influenced by my theories.
Who is John Locke?
The Virginia Plan
What is a strong national government, preferred by big states. Bicameral legislature?
Block grants and the Devolution Revolution
What is the States? Gives states more flexibility on how they spend their federal funds.
The proportion of both Houses of Congress necessary to propose an amendment to the Constitution.
What is 2/3?
The Articles of Confederation did not allow the national government to regulate commerce among the States or with foreign nations.
What is Article I, Section 8? “The Congress shall have power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian Tribes."
I led a rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts to protest the banks’ foreclosure of our mortgages. The national government couldn’t raise funds to put down my rebellion and Massachusetts had to turn to the private sector to fund troops.
Who is Daniel Shay?
The New Jersey Plan
What is just strengthen the Articles, not replace them. Preferred by small states. Unicameral legislature?
Categorical grants.
What is the national government? Requires that money be spent on specific federal priorities.
The clause in the Constitution that states that federal law will prevail in the event of a conflict between federal and state law.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
The Articles made no provision for an executive branch that would be responsible for executing or implementing the laws passed by the legislative branch.
What is Article II? It creates the Presidency and vests the executive power in this office.
I advocated distinct functions for each branch of government, called the separation of powers.
Who is Montesquieu?
The Great Compromise
What is bicameral – one house by population, one house equal?
McCulloch v. Maryland
This clause, sometimes called the elastic clause, has been interpreted as creating implied powers for the federal government that go beyond those powers enumerated in the Constitution.
What is the necessary and proper clause?
The Articles had no provision for a judicial system to handle the growing number of conflicts and boundary disputes among the states.
What is Article III? It vests the judicial authority in the Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress shall ordain or establish.
I, along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, wrote a series of articles in New York, advocating for the ratification of the Constitution. I worry about factions.
Who is James Madison?
The 3/5ths Compromise
What is determine representation and the apportionment of taxes by population, calculating slaves as 3/5ths of a person?
US v. Lopez
What is the states? Finally found the limit of the Commerce Clause.
This type of federalism consists of two levels of government with distinct and separate powers.
What is dual federalism? Also known as layer cake federalism.
Although the national government under the Articles could coin money, so too could the states, and the national government couldn’t back the value of the currency it issued.
What is Articles 1, Section 8? “The Congress shall have the power to coin money, regulate the value thereof…”
And Article 1, Section 10 “No state shall coin money.”
I am the pen name for several writers opposed to ratification of the Constitution. I thought the large republic with a strong central government created by the proposed Constitution would become tryannical and oppressive of the people.
Who is Brutus?
Checks and balances
What is a structure of government that gives each of the three branches a degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others to prevent any one from becoming too powerful?
16th and 17th Amendments
What is the national government? Income tax gives more money to national government to fund its priorities and the direct election of senators removes the states from the process.
The powers held by the states through the 10th Amendment.