Mostly Washington
Who was unanimously elected as the first president of the United States in 1789?
George Washington
How did the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney impact the demand for enslaved labor in the South?
It increased the demand for enslaved labor as cotton production expanded significantly.
The Sedition Act made it illegal to do what?
Criticize the government
What was Andrew Jackson's policy of awarding government jobs to political supporters called?
The Spoils System
What was one of the key goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, commissioned by Jefferson?
To explore and map the newly acquired western territories (Louisiana Purchase) and establish relations with Native American tribes
What did Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate about the federal government?
It showed the federal government’s authority to enforce its laws.
What term describes the forced relocation of enslaved African Americans to the Deep South during the 1800s?
The Second Middle Passage
Which treaty allowed U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River and access to New Orleans.
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain in 1795
Which supreme court case, with the Chief Justice Marshall, established the constitutional principle of judicial review?
Marbury v Madison
What effect did Gabriel’s Rebellion and the Haitian Revolution have on the attitudes of white Americans toward enslaved and free Black people?
They instilled fear among whites of potential revolts and inspired hope for freedom among Black people.
Name one of the two main warnings in Washington’s Farewell Address.
Avoid political parties or remain neutral in foreign affairs.
How did Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831 affect Southern laws on slavery?
It led to stricter slave codes and increased repression of both enslaved and free Black people, as many plantation owners feared a slave rebellion.
Which unpopular treaty avoided war with Britain but failed to stop the seizure of American ships?
Jay's Treaty
What transportation innovation, completed in 1825, connected New York City to the Midwest and boosted trade?
The Erie Canal
What treaty/ armistice or truce, did not resolve pre-war grievances, but technically ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Which Native American leader attempted to unite tribes against U.S. expansion and allied with the British in the War of 1812?
Tecumseh
How did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native American tribes in the Southeast? What name was given to the path they followed?
It forced tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi, leading to the Trail of Tears.
What scandal involved French agents demanding bribes from American diplomats, leading to anti-French sentiment?
XYZ Affair
How did Andrew Jackson justify his veto of the Second Bank of the United States?
He argued it favored wealthy elites and hurt the "common man."
How did the Nullification Crisis of 1832-33 reflect the tension between states’ rights and federal authority?
South Carolina’s threat to nullify federal tariffs highlighted conflicts over state versus federal power.
What were the three main components of Henry Clay's American system?
1. Protective tariffs
2. Internal improvements (roads/ canals)
3. Establish Second National Bank
What was the main purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?
To require that escaped enslaved people be returned to their enslavers, even if they were found in free states.
What principle did the Monroe Doctrine establish regarding European colonization in the Americas?
No new European colonization in the Americas and non-interference in Western Hemisphere affairs.
What resolutions, authored by Jefferson and Madison, introduced the idea of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Name 3 causes of the War of 1812
Impressment, British support of Native American resistance, or War Hawks’ desire for expansion