Alliances & People
Who founded Québec and formed early alliances with the Wendat and Innu?
Samuel de Champlain
What term describes a partnership for protection, trade, or mutual support?
Alliance
Which nation is associated with the Atlantic region and early forestry and trade?
Mi’kmaq
Give one cause and one effect from Episode 1 or 2
Cause: French want alliances
Effect: Champlain partners with the Wendat & Innu
Cause: Need for survival skills
Effect: Europeans rely on Indigenous knowledge
Cause: Search for trade routes
Effect: French explore deeper into the St. Lawrence region
Cause: Early contact between groups
Effect: Cultural exchange begins (tools, food, ideas)
Cause: Rivalry between Indigenous nations
Effect: Haudenosaunee resist French–Wendat alliance
Cause: Meaning of “Kanata” misunderstood
Effect: The name “Canada” begins to spread
What company is known as the British fur trading company?
HBC (Hudson’s Bay Company)
Which leader controlled sea otter trade on the Pacific Northwest and acted as a diplomat between Europeans and Indigenous groups?
Chief Maquinna
What is the name of the economic system based on trading beaver pelts?
Fur Trade
Which powerful eastern alliance resisted French and Wendat expansion?
Haudenosaunee
Explain how demand for furs changed European behavior inland.
They pushed deeper inland, increasing exploration and competition.
Who were the independent traders who traveled deep inland and bypassed official posts?
Coureurs de Bois
(the brothers)
Which Indigenous group formed a powerful alliance that often resisted French and Wendat expansion?
Haudenosaunee
Which term means “village” in the Wendat language and later became the name of a country?
Kanata
Which Plains nation became known for horse culture and buffalo hunting?
Nakota (will accept Blackfoot)
What was one effect of Europeans misunderstanding the word “Kanata”?
The name “Canada” began to spread because Europeans thought “Kanata” meant the whole region instead of “village.”
What resource created wealth in the Pacific Northwest and increased Maquinna’s influence?
Sea otter pelts
Which explorer completed the first documented overland crossing to the Pacific, guided by Dene and Nuxalk people?
Alexander Mackenzie
What phrase describes knowledge developed over generations about land, survival, and travel?
Which Subarctic nation guided Alexander Mackenzie inland?
Dene
Explain how smallpox affected Indigenous populations.
Massive population loss, weakening communities.
Name one contribution Indigenous people made to European cartography or exploration.
Routes, place names, survival skills, travel knowledge.
Identify the Loyalist timber entrepreneur connected to a famous logjam explosion.
William Hazen
What do we call Indigenous groups that controlled trade routes between Europeans and other nations?
Middlemen Nations
Name the Pacific Northwest nation led by Maquinna.
Mowachaht
Describe how rivalry between HBC and NWC influenced exploration.
It sped up exploration and mapping as each competed for new routes.
Explain what allowed Mackenzie to reach the Pacific.
Indigenous guidance (Dene & Nuxalk) and their knowledge of routes.